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Calque and DT
Средства регулярного бюджета (UNTERM)
Sredstva reguljarnogo bjudzheta
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L.t.: the fund of a regular budget
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Ruscorpora: N.c.: 1 doc.
“Начиная с воскресенья, Пентагон вынужден финансировать военные операции в Ираке и Афганистане из средств регулярного ежегодного бюджета в размере 459,3 миллиарда долларов, где такие расходы не предусмотрены” (Pentagon vynuzhden uvolit' 100 tysjach grazhdanskih rabotnikov, 2007).
L.t.: <…> the fund of a regular annual budget in the amount of 459,3 billion dollars <…>.
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RECOMMENDED TRANSLATION: Calque and DT (see above)
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Each entry begins with the name of a term: regular resources, which is followed by the definition of a term, taken from the glossaries, dictionaries or official documents, e.g. UNICEF (2015). The first line in the table indicates a Descriptive Translation method for the first translation equivalent: Calque and DT средства регулярного бюджета (UNTERM). The translation equivalents, which are marked with UNTERM, IFC, OECD or UNCITRAL were taken as a base for the analysis. All the other translation equivalents were taken from English- Russian glossaries or dictionaries and were analyzed as alternative translations. For example, the term regular resources has not been found in another form in Russian. For this reason, it only has one translation equivalent in the table.
The next line in the table contains the transliteration of the Russian descriptive term: sredstva reguljarnogo bjudzheta, which has been retrieved using the reliable transliteration tool: translit.cc (Translit.cc). Transliteration is followed by literal translation, which has been marked with the abbreviation “L.t.”. All the examples were analyzed for their practical use in Ruscorpora (Ruscorpora) and/or on the Internet. The abbreviation “M.c.” stands for the “main corpus” of Ruscorpora, and “N.c.” means its “newspaper corpus”. These two subcorpora are the main domains for term use. The files dated between 2000-2017 (in rare cases the late 1990s) have been chosen as the examples, which is essential for eliminating obsolete term forms. The term forms which are homogeneous or have general forms have been retrieved by choosing specific settings in Ruscorpora: non-fiction: official and business vocabulary; management and administration; business, commercial, economic and financial spheres. In order to retrieve different grammatical forms and variations of term forms, the following settings were implemented: the words were introduced in the field “lexical and grammatical search” with the
indication of grammatical characteristics and the distance from 0 to 5 words between term components.
The analysis of each term closes with the Recommended Translation, which in the case of the term regular resources is the same as found in the codified resource (UNTERM). All the terms from the Recommended Translation were represented in chart 3 “Recommended Translation for the Terms Translated Descriptively in Codified Resources”.
The second section of the Case Study presents the statistics and results of Recommended Translation. The results reveal the patterns for the use of Descriptive Translation methods. Calque and Descriptive Translation and Pure Descriptive Translation disclose the specific reasons for Descriptive Translation use: Content and Form of a source term or Figurativeness, which have been described in detail. Each technique was analyzed regarding its competitiveness and practical use, which has been achieved using comparison with alternative translation methods and term form stability.
Some terms were not included in the classification (76 terms) because they are of little interest for the research. The majority of these belong to related subject fields, e.g. Law (criminal law, to file a lawsuit, prosecutor’s office etc.); Politics (ballot-paper voting, tax return etc.) and Economics (competition, macro-economic factors etc.). Some terms are frequent in general language and have not considerably changed their meaning within Corporate Governance Terminology: operations, event, independence etc. Such terms were eliminated from classification, because they could have impaired the statistics.
All the term creation methods were distributed between the specific groups based on the analysis of the examples.
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