Dr. Carlos F. Márquez Linares Dr. Enrique F. Quero Gervilla Doctoral Programme in Languages, Texts and Contexts Faculty of Translation and Interpreting university of granada

B. Case Study

1. Methodology

The main aim of this case study is to discover patterns of Descriptive Translation in the sphere of Corporate Management and to apply the theory described in the first part to the research.
In the course of the research a total of 205 descriptive Russian terms were retrieved using the sampling method, i.e. “a process used in statistical analysis in which a predetermined number of observations will be taken from a larger population” (Investopedia) from 839 terms classified into the groups proposed in the theoretical part. The examples, or samples, were chosen non- randomly, i.e. consistently and continuously.
In this study the following glossaries and compendiums in both languages were used as the sources:

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  The English-Russian and Russian-English Corporate Governance Glossary of the International Finance Corporation (IFC);
  
• 
  Compendium of basic United Nations terminology in governance and public administration by United Nations Economic and Social Council Committee of Experts on Public Administration Seventh session (UN; UN-1 (Russian version));
  
• 
  Key terms in evaluation and results-based management by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD; OECD-1 (Russian version));
  
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  Budget terms by UNTERM (UNTERM);
  
• 
  Legislative guide on secured transactions: terminology and recommendation by UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law) (UNCITRAL; UNCITRAL-1 (Russian version)).
  

The sources are reliable glossaries and guides, compiled by internationally respected organizations: the United Nations, the International Finance Corporation, United Nations Commission on International Trade Law and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The resources comprise comprehensive and relative information on the special field of Corporate Management. Moreover, the sources are of great importance for

dynamic terminology of Corporate Governance. The documents can be obtained in both English and Russian.

In the first section of the analysis we present each case of Descriptive Translation method:

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  Pure Descriptive Translation;
  
• 
  Calque and Descriptive Translation;
  
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  Direct Loan and Descriptive Translation;
  
• 
  Descriptive Translation and Additional or Irrelevant Components;
  

Descriptive Translation methods have been supported by examples, which demonstrate the specific features of each technique the challenges for their use. All the examples were defined and examined thoroughly using dictionaries and glossaries (in order to reveal all the altertnatives and different interim forms of terms). Once all the translation equivalents were found, each one was analysed regarding its use in the Russian National Corpus “Ruscorpora” (Ruscorpora) or on the Internet (if not present in Ruscorpora and essential for the research). The abovementioned methodology revealed the dynamics of discrepancy and ambiguity when dealing with descriptive translation. The majority of these terms have two or more descriptive equivalents, followed by short terms, which are created using Calque, Direct Loan or direct equivalents. Although some translation methods are random, they prove to be preferable for certain terms. Such translation techniques were placed into the RECOMMENDED TRANSLATION section for each term.

Tfhoellowing table demonstrates the analysis of a Corporate Governance term:

Regular resources

Of all the funds received by UNICEF, core resources – also known as Regular Resources (RR) – best allow UNICEF to reach children who are in the greatest need and at the greatest risk, whether they be the victims of a protracted conflict, an epidemic, or a natural or manmade disaster (UNICEF, 2015).