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| RECOMMENDED TRANSLATION: Calque and DT
Инвесторы, ориентирующиеся на ключевые коэффициенты (компании) Investory, orientirujuschijesja na kluchevyje koefficienty (kompanii);
L.t.: the investors, oriented at the core values (of a company).
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In some cases DT is triggered by the term form and can be combined with some additional components. These components can be accompanied by DT if the concise term form is unclear in Russian, or cannot be shaped.
For example, the term Core Value Investors has the following equivalent in the IFC glossary: инвесторы, которые вкладываются в крупные компании, ориентируясь на ключевые коэффициенты компании (IFC) (investory, kotorye vkladyvajutsja v krupnye kompanii, orientirujas' na kljuchevye kojefficienty kompanii; L.t.: investors, who invest in large-scale enterprises according to the key coefficients of a company). All three term elements: “investors”, “core” and “value” have been preserved in the Russian term. If the term were based on these three elements with essential descriptive elements, it would be included in the Calque and DT group. Accordingly the process has been described, rather than the key term components.
With the aim of translating the English term, some elements that provide additional information have been included. The pronoun который (kotoryj, which) and the Russian participle ориентируясь (orientirujas’, being oriented) make the term similar to its definition. This term form cannot be easily used within the field of Corporate Governance.
The concise attributive form in English is considerably shorter than the Russian term. The form of the Russian term is not fixed in the field of Management, as can be proved by its use (see table 15). The term is practically absent on the Internet and is not represented in Ruscorpora. Obviously, the term form is too unwieldy to be used within the field of Corporate Governance. The first option is to shorten the descriptiveness of the term, making it less similar to a
definition, e.g.: *инвесторы, ориентирующиеся на ключевые коэффициенты (компании) (investory, orientirujuschijesja na kljuchevye koefficienty; L.t.: the investors, oriented at the core values (of a company)). First of all, such a translation allows the elimination of the double reference to investing within the term: investors and investing (“вкладываться” is the Direct Equivalent of the verb to invest). Secondly, in order to prevent a term from resembling a definition, the participle (ориентирующийся, i.e. oriented) can substitute the relative pronoun который (which) and the Russian participle “ориентируясь” (orientirujas’, being oriented). Thirdly, the term component компании (of a company) can be offered as an option in brackets, which makes the term meaning general and applicable for different contexts. The translation suggested can be classified in the Calque and DT group, because the term is based on the main elements retrieved by Calque with the use of essential descriptive elements.
Not only can Calque and DT be implemented for the translation of the English term Core Value Investors, but the Calque method with certain changes within the term form can also be used. The term value investor has the following equivalent in the English-Russian dictionaries: стоимостной инвестор (Academic) (stoimostnoj investor, L.t.: value (adjective) investor). The term form is created using Calque. The adjective “стоимостной” (stoimostnoj) representing the term component “value”, coins a term in Russian with an unfamiliar form. The attributive position of the element “value” is more natural if it is translated with the help of a preposition “по” (po; according, by) and the dative case of the noun “стоимость” (stoimost’; value, cost): инвеcтор по стоимости (investor po stoimosti, L.t.: insvetor (who is in charge) of cost). In theory, the term Core Value Investor, which contains another element in an attribute position, in comparison with the term value investor can be translated with the help of Pure Calque. Nevertheless, such a construction is impossible in Russian, because the focus would be unclear:
*ключевой стоимостной инвестор (kljuchevoj stoimostnoj investor, L.t.: key value (adjectives) investor). This form of the term is misleading because the noun инвеcтор (investor) is defined by the adjective “ключевой” (key), rather than “стоимостной” (value, adjective).
Accordingly, only Calque with certain changes is possible to use and the following translation can be recommended: инвеcтор по ключевой стоимости (investor po kljuchevoj stoimosti, L.t.: insvetor (who is in charge) of the key value). Nevertheless, such a form is less
transparent and convenient to use than the form created by Calque and DT mentioned above (see table 15).
DT with Additional or Irrelevant Components. Provisional Form
DT with Additional or Irrelevant Components is characterized by an unstable non-concise form. These term forms are considered undesirable for strict Corporate Governance terminology. However, DT is often indispensable at the beginning, during the initial stage of term coinage in the target language. The term risk appetite in Russian represents such a case.
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