DaskvniTi gamocdis sakiTxebi sagani – ekologia da turizmi

1. ra miznebi gvaqvs (ekologiuri Sesabamisoba, dacvis RonisZiebebis dafinanseba, adgilobrivi Semosavlis warmoeba);

2. ra bunebrivi da kulturuli sanaxaobebi gagvaCnia;

3. ra xarisxis turistul produqts vTavazobT Cven dRes, Tu gvaqvs aseTi saerTod?;

4. ra saxis da sad aris Cveni dRevandeli da potenciuri bazrebi(mimarTulebei, segmentebi);

5. aris Tu ara konkurentuli daniSnulebis adgilebi msgavsi sanaxaobebiT? ra xarisxs gvTavazoben isini RirebulebasTan SedarebiT?

6. qveynis saerTo pirobebi xels uwyobs Tu ara turizmis ganviTarebas?

7. arsebuli situaciis Sefaseba (SWOT-is analizi-Zlieri da susti mxareebi, SesaZleblobebi, riskebi);

8. ra resursebi (adamianuri, finansuri, institucionaluri) gagvaCnia mocemul momentSi?;

9. ra saxis turizmis ganviTareba iqneba sicocxlisunariani da produqtiuli? miiRweva Tu ara dasaxuli miznebi?

10. strategiis SemuSaveba, produqtis ganviTareba da marketingi.

ekoturizmis potencialis safuZvelze SesaZlebeli xdeba Sesabamisi produqtis ganviTareba e.w. promouSeni, romelic moicavs Semdeg elementebs:

• 
  miznobrivi bazris gansazRvra;
  
• 
  mTavari produqtis ganviTareba, romelic koncentrirdeba ZiriTadad regionis unikalur an gamorCeul atributebze (USP, Unique Saies Propsition);
  
• 
  produqtis sxvadasaxvaobis xazgasma;
  
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  paketis Seqmna (ganTavseba, transportireba, kveba da momsaxurebis sxva saxeebi);
  
• 
  produqtis xarisxisa da fasis gansazRvra
  
• 
  sxva regionuli Tu erovnuli turizmis produqtebTan kombinacia.
  

marketingi Sedgeba RonisZiebebis an instrumentebis sami tipisagan – saqmianobasTan, komunikaciasTan da distribuciasTan dakavSirebuli. marketingis strategia unda moicavdes Semdeg elementebs:

• 
  miznobrivi jgufebis gansazRvra;
  
• 
  imijis Seqmna da markireba;
  
• 
  sareklamo masalebis Seqmna (broSurebi, posterebi, videofilebi )
  
• 
  internet-saitebis Seqmna da amoqmedeba (linkebiT Sesabamis internet-saitebze);
  
• 
  informacia (mimzidveli, magram sarwmuno, praqtikuli xasiaTis)
  
• 
  sareklamo masalis da internet-saitebis dizaini;
  
• 
  distribucia mediis saSualebiT;
  
• 
  distribucia saSuamavlo kompaniebiT
  
• 
  turistuli savaWro bazrobebi;
  
• 
  sareklamo kampaniebi;
  
• 
  marTvis moTxovnebi.
  

turistuli produqtis win wawevaSi igulisxmeba moqmedebaTa erToblioba, mimarTuli klientis mizidvaze, samomxmareblo bazarze gayidvis moculobaTa gadidebaze, firmis pozitiuri saxis formirebaze. produqtis win wawevis RonisZiebebs ekuTvnis reklama, pres-konferenciebi, sareklamo eqskursiebi, seminarebi, suvenirebi da sxv. destinaciis aRiarebis aucilebeli pirobas warmoadgens momsaxurebis standartis formireba – organizaciis safirmo stilis SemuSaveba. safirmo stili moicavs: sakuTar savaWro niSans, safirmo fers, logotips (emblemas). savaWro niSani aris aRniSvna, moTavsebuli saqonelze an SefuTvaze mwarmoeblis an gamyidvelis mier saqonlis an misi mwarmoeblis identifikaciisaTvis. Tu firmis produqts ara aqvs sakuTari savaWro niSani, SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas safirmo niSani. mas aqvs ufro farTo mniSvneloba. safirmo da savaWro niSnebis registracia da dacva xdeba sapatento organizaciebSi. logotipi aris individualuri grafikuli niSani produqtis, firmis, sawarmos ideis Caweris forma. is identifikaciis erT-erTi simboloa. eklogiuri informacia aris daculi teritoriebis reklamis mniSvnelovani mdgeneli. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces haeris da wylis sisufTaves, kvebis adgilobrivi produqtebis ekologiur sisufTaves da a.S. pirdapir ekologiur informaciasTan erTad mTel msoflioSi gamoiyeneba ekologiuri cnobebis wardgenis arapirdapiri xerxic. mag. sertifikatebi romlebic SeiZleba mieniWos sastumros, firmas, saqonels da adgilsac ki. xmelTaSua zRvis kurortebze gamoiyeneba “cisferi droSa’’, romlis floba niSnavs gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis garemos dacvis proramis ekologiuri kriteriumebisadmi Sesabamisobas. arsebobs sxva popularuli niSnebi: “mwvane Cemodani’’, “mwvane xe’’, am niSnebs ar gaaCniaT saxelmwifo statusi da iuridiul-normatiuli xasiaTi, maTi avtoriteti da gavrceleba eyrdnoba sazogadoebriv aRiarebas da im organizaciebis reputacias, romlebmac mianiWes es niSnebi.

erovnuli parkis marketinguli politika iwyeba turproduqtis saxelwodebiT, mag. ugandaSi turizmis ganviTarebisadmi miZRvnil moxsenebaSi miTiTebuli iyo, rom adgilobrivi saxelwodeba “mgaxinga’’, gorilebis erovnuli parkisa, ucxoelebis mier Znelad aRiTqmeba, maSin roca saxelwodeba “ugandis gorilebis parki’’ exmareba adeqvaturi turistuli bazris uzrunvelyofaSi.

sakuTari saitis Seqmna da regularuli ganaxleba internetSi efeqturi da gavrcelebuli saxea mTels msoflioSi daculi bunebrivi teritoriebis sareklamo produqciis win wawevaSi. cnobilia, rom turproduqtis winaswar gasinjva SeuZlebelia, amitom gadawyvetilebis miReba turistuli paketis SeZenisa ZiriTadad efuZneba xelmisawvdom informacias – slaidebs, bukletebs, broSurebs,sareklamo gancxadebebs da ufro metad internets.

erovnuli parkis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aqciaa “savele’’ urTierToba masmediis warmomadgenlebTan, maTTvis sareklamo turebisa da individualuri programebis SeTavazeba. turoperatorebs, romlebic dainteresebuli arian bunebaze orientirebuli turebiT, SeuZliaT mimarTon parkis administracias winadadebiT, isargeblon parkis ama Tu im resursiT sakuTari turebis formirebisaTvis. unda gaformdes iuridiuli xelSekruleba, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba TanamSromlebis monawileoba rogorc turebis momzadebaSi, ise maT realizaciaSi.

turistuli bazroba-gamofena aris gansazRvrul adgilas periodulad organizebuli turistuli produqtis eqspoziciebi. turistuli gamofenebi ar axveven Tavs turistul produqts, aramed iswrafvian Seqmnan misdami xangrZlivi keTilganwyobis atmosfero. turistuli gamofenebis warmomadgenlobiTi organo aris turizmSi savaWro bazrobebis evropuli asociacia (EGETEA), romlis Stab-bina imyofeba riCmondSi. daculi bunebrivi teritoriebis monawileobas turistul gamofenebSi aqvs Tavisi specifika. calkeuli daculi bunebrivi teritoriebis mier wardgenili sareklamo masalebi SeiZleba daikargon sxva turistuli produqtebis simravleSi. faseuli elementi, romelmac SeiZleba gaaerTianos nakrZalebisa da erovnuli parkebis didi nawilis ekoturistuli produqti aris “xelSeuxebeli buneba’’. gamaerTianebeli devizis qveS SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos ekoturistuli produqtis didi raodenoba: sxvadasva klimatur zonaSi mdebare calkeuli parkebi, parkebi gansxvavebuli bunebrivi, eTnografiuli, istoriuli da a.S. raritetebiT da RirsSesaniSnaobebiT.

iseve rogorc nebismieri turistuli, ekoturistuli organizaciis marketinguli saqmianobac warmoadgens muSaobis yvela aspeqtis dagegmvis bazas da iTvaliswinebs saqmianobis or mimarTulebas:

1. strategiuli marketingi (moTxovnilebaTa ganuwyveteli analizi, axali saxis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SemuSaveba, romlebic uzrunvelyofs momxmarebelTa aRiarebas da myar konkurentul upiratesobas) aris grZelvadian perspeqtivaze gaTvlili gaanalizebis procesi;

2. operaciuli marketingi (gasaRebis, gayidvebis da komunikaciebis organizeba turistuli produqciis gansxvavebuli Tvisebebis warmosaCenad myidvelTa Zebnaze danaxarjebis Semcirebis pirobebSi) aris aqtiuri procesi moklevadiani dagegmviT.

operaciuli marketingis ZiriTadi mizania gayidvebiT Semosavlis miReba, e.i. momsaxurebis gayidva da momsaxurebaze SekveTebis miReba gayidvebis yvelaze efeqtiani meTodebis gamoyenebiT da erTdroulad danaxarjebis SemcirebiT. operaciuli marketingi aris ganmsazRvreli elementi, romelic uSualo gavlenas axdens organizaciis moklevadian rentabelobaze. aqtiuri operaciuli marketingis ganxorcieleba aris mwvave konkurentul brZolaSi kompaniis saqmianobis auculebeli piroba. nebismier turmomsaxurebas, TviTmaRalxarisxovansac ki, unda gaaCndes konkurentunariani fasi. igi unda Seesabamebodes miznobriv momxmarebelTa moTxovnilebebs, unda gaaCndes mxadaWera imijisa da reklamis saxiT, rac xels Seuwyobs mis winsvlas bazarze da warmoaCens gansxvavebul mxareebs.

rentabeluri operaciuli marketingi ver iarsebebs strategiuli marketingis gareSe. strategiuli marketingis daniSnulebaa Tvali adevnos garkveuli bazris ganviTarebis tendeciebs da gamoavlinos arsebuli, potenciuri bazrebi an maTi segmantebi dasakmayofilebeli moTxovnebis analizis safuZvelze. gamovlenili bazrebi aris ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebi, romelTa mimzidveloba unda iqnas Sefasebuli. bazris mimzidveloba raodenobrivad fasdeba misi potencialiT, xolo dinamikurad-misi arsebobis xangrZlivobiT. konkretuli turistuli organizaciisaTvis bazris mimzidveloba damokidebulia kompaniis unarze – konkurentebze ukeT daakmayofilos myidvelTa moTxovnebi. firma konkurentunariani iqneba sanam inarCunebs konkurentul upiratesobas an maRali mwarmoeblobis gamo, romelic mas gamoarCevs dabali danaxarjebiT, an gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebis gamo, romlebic mas ganasxvavebs konkurentebisagan.

konkurentuli upiratesobebi aris xelSesaxebi an araxelSesaxebi resursebi, romlebsac flobs organizacia, aris organizaciis maRali kompetenturoba turizmis industriaSi, rac saSualebas aZlevs mas konkurenciis gadalaxvis, momxmarebelTa mizidvis da savaWro markisadmi maTi erTgulebis SenarCunebis saukeTeso SesaZleblobebs. xelSesaxeb resursebs ganekuTvneba organizaciis materialur-teqnikuri da finansuri aqtivebi, romlebic asaxulia sabuRaltro balansSi. araxelSesaxeb resursebs miekuTvneba organizaciis xarisxobrivi maxasiaTeblebi (savaWro marka, nou-hau, imiji, personalis kvalifikacia da gamocdileba, korporaciuli kultura, mmarTvelobiTi gundi). organizacia konkurentebTan SedarebiT lideris mdgomareobas moipovebs im SemTxvevaSic, Tu bazarze monopolisti iqneba. amJamad turistuli industriis bevri organizacia cdilobs daipyros bazari kompaniis globalizaciisa da integraciis saSualebiT.

25. 
    turistebis kvebis organizacia ekologiur turebSi;
    

turistebis kvebis organizacia ekologiur da saTavgadasavlo turebSi Sedgeba Semdegnairad:

1. turistebis energetikuli danaxarjebis gansazRvra da kvebis kaloriulobis gaTvla;

2. turistebis kvebiTi moTxovnilebis upiratesobis gansazRvra;

3. kvebis reJimis damuSaveba;

4. tipiuri menius damuSaveba;

5. produqtebis aucilebeli raodenobis gaTvla;

6.samzareulos aRWurvilobis aucilebeli raodenobis, samzareulos TeTreulis da WurWlis gaTvla.

gzajvaredinebze aqtiuri gadaadgileba didi raodenobiT oflis gamoyofas iwvevs, oflTan erTad ki didi raodenobiT mikroelementebi gamoiyofa. yinuliviT civ wyalSi, romelsac turistebi svamen mTis mdinareebidan, praqtikulad ar aris mikroelementebi, amitom organizmi ganicdis kalciumis ukmarisobas. amitom didi fizikuri datvirTvebisas mniSvnelovnad izrdeba kidurebis motexilobis riski.

turistebis energetikuli danaxarjebis da sakvebis kaloriulobis gaTvlis dros aucilebelia alpinizmis saerTaSoriso federaciis samedicino komisiis da sportuli dietologebis rekomendaciebiT visargebloT. did simaRleebze madis dakargva Cveulebrivi movlenaa. mecnierulad dasabuTebulia, rom wyurvilis SegrZneba turists ewyeba im momentSi, rodesac wylis deficiti mis organizmSi ukve 2 litrs aRwevs.

energodanaxarjebis gansazRvris Semdeg aucilebelia ganvsazRvroT energiis wyaroebi. esenia:

naxSirwylebi – naxSirwylebisgan adamiani energias samjer ufro swrafad Rebulobs, vidre cximebisagan, Tanac Jangbadis naklebi danaxarjebiT. turistebis racionis naxevarze meti naxSirwylebisgan unda Sedgebodes, unda miiRon formis stabilizaciisaTvis yovel or saaTSi erTxel. naxSirwylebis yvelaze kargi wyaroebia – Ciri, xili, Sokoladi, biskviti da a.S.

cximebi – mniSvnelovani, magram naklebad Rirebuli komponentia. radgan meti dro da energia ixarjeba organizmis mier mis SeTvisebaze. ar aris aucilebeli turistebma mizanmimarTulad miiRon cximebi - produqtebi da sakvebi ulufa isedac Seicavs cximebs. cximis wyaroa – Zexvi, sxvadasxva Sebolili da a.S.

cilebi – Zalian mniSvnelovania fizikuri formis SenarCunebisa da gaumjobesebisaTvis. aucilebelia mcenareuli da cxoveluri cilebis dabalansebulu Sexameba. cilebiT miRebuli kaloriebis raodenoba ar unda aRematebodes 10-20%-s. cilebis wyaroebia: xorci, kvercxi, rZe, yveli, kakali da sxv.

vitaminebi – aregulireben organizmis sistemebs da icaven mas. maT organizmi Rebulobs sakvebTan erTad. multivitaminuri kompleqsiT organizmis nornaluri mdgonareobis SenarCuneba aucilebelia vitaminuri deficitis an daubalansebeli kvebis dros, erTi kviris xangrZlovobis eqspediciebis dros, rodesac turistebs vitaminebis naklebad Semcvel konservirebul sakvebs aZleven.

wyali – mravalmniSvnelovan funqcias asrulebs organizmSi. organizmSi wylis danakargi droulad unda Seivsos, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi izrdeba gulis ukmarisobis, tromboflebitis da a.S. ganviTarebis riski. amitom gidi dabejiTebiT unda moiTxovdes, rom turists zurgCanTaSi hqondeT Termosi siTxiT saves.

mikro- da makroelementebi – ZiriTadi saSeni masalaa Zvlebis, kbilebis, hormonebis, fermentebis, hemoglobinisaTvis. maTi miReba agvacilebs tramvebs.

ujredisi – sasargebloa kuWisaTvis da sakvebis monelebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT kvebis niris Secvlis da samTo laSqrobebis dros. magram mainc ar aris rekomedirebuli misi miReba, radgan iwvevs simaRlebrivi meteorizmis ganviTarebas.

sagemovno danamatebi – maionezi, ketCupi, mdogvi, wiwaka, niori da sxva sunelebi aZliereben madas, rac mniSvnelovania aklimatizaciia dros madis droebiT dakargvisas. zogierTi bostneuli SesaniSnavi profilaqtikuri saSualebaa mravali daavadebis mimarT. kvebis reJimis da menius Sedgenisas rekomendirebulia:

a) kvebis dRe-Ramuri racioni iyos mravalferovani;

b) dilis sauzme iyos msubuqi siTzis mniSvnelovani raodenobiT;

g) siarulis dros yovel 2 saaTSi Sesvenebis mowyoba, raTa turistebma SeZlon waxemseba;

d) kvebis racionidan unda gamoiricxos alkoholi;

e) sasiarulo dRis damTavrebis Semdeg turistebma unda miiRon sakvebi siTxisa da naxSirwylebiT mdidari.

kvebis yvelaze ufro miRebul reJimad miRebulia oTxjeradi kveba 4-5 sT-iani intervalebiT. cxadia mogzaurobisas Znelia aseTi reJimis dacva, amitom meti gavrcelebs hpova samjeradi kvebis reJimma. cxeli kveba unda ganxorcieldes dReSi 2-jer mainc.

mogzaurobis pirvel dReebSi sasurvelia samjeradi cxeli kveba dRis gadasvlebis dros ori waxemsebiT. es exmareba organizms aklimatizaciaSi da kvebis axal pirobebTan adaptirebaSi. am dros gamoricxulia erovnuli samzareulos kerZebis CarTva meniuSi, gansakuTrebiT ucxoeli turistebisaTvis.

sauzme – maRalkaloriuli unda iyos, raTa Seqmnas organizmSi energetikuli maragi (30%-mde kaloria, adviladSesaTvisebeli naxSirwylebiT: Tafli, miusli, Ciri, orcxobila), miTumetes rom ZiriTadi datvirTva dRis pirvel naxevarze modis.

sadili – unda Seavsos organizmSi warmoqmnili energetikuli danaxarjebis deficiti. is unda uzrunvelyofdes kvebis dRe-Ramuri racionis kaloriulobis 45%.

vaxSami – misi mizania dRis manZilze daxarjuli kaloriebis Sevseba da organizmis momzadeba samogzaurod meore dRisTvis. erTis mxriv vaxSami unda Seicavdes cilebis did raodenobas, raTa aRdges energia da Tavidan iqnas acilebuli kunTovani qsovilis daSla da meores mxriv Znelad asaTvisebeli da nervuli sistemis aRmgznebi produqtebis minimalur raodenobas. es gansakuTrebiT aqtueluria zamTris mogzaurobebSi, roca vaxSmis Semdeg turistebi swrafad wvebian dasasveneblad, savse kuWi awveba diafragmas da xels uSlis gulis da filtvebis normalur muSaobas; am dros irRveva Zilis reJimi da ar xdeba srulyofili dasveneba.

sauzme SeiZleba momzaddes saRamos da avtoklavi mza sauzmiT Seidgas saZile tomaraSi, raTa turistebs diliT hqondeT cxeli kerZi. es exmarebaT turistebs dilis siciveSi gaTbobaSi, samuSao reJimSi Sesvlasa da sasiarulo saaTebis ricxvis gazrdaSi im gaCerebebis likvidaciis xarjze, romlebic daniSnulia cxeli sauzmis mosamzadeblad.

menius Sedgenis win unda dazustdes turistebis kvebiTi midrekilebebi; mag., wiwiburas fafa popularulia rusi turistebisaTvis da miuRebelia germneli turistebisaTvis. aucilebelia gvqondes specialuri menius variantebi vegetarianelebisaTvis, Saqris xelovnuri Semcvleli diabetianebisaTvis da a.S. ugemuri, gaciebuli kerZebi SeiZleba gaxdes turistTa pretenziebis mizezi turoperatorebis an gidisadmi. momsaxurebis programis Sesrulebisas sasurvelia ara marto danapirebis Sesruleba, aramed turistTa molodinis gadaWarbebac, maTTvis siurprizebis gakeTeba.

26. 
    ekoturizmis gansazRvra. ganszvaveba ekoturizmas da Cveulebriv turizms Soris;
    

ekoturizmi, romelic aseve cnobilia, rogorc turizmi bunebaSi, kulturuli turizmi, saTavgadasavlo turizmi, specifikuri interesebis mqone turizmi, gancdiTi turizmi, an ubralod `axali turizmi~, turizmis SedarebiT axali formaa, romelic Cveulebrivi turizmisagan gansxvavebuli maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCeva.

ekoturizmi SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc turizmis nawili, romelic moicavs mogzaurobas SedarebiT xeluxlebel bunebriv garemoSi specifikuri miznebiT: veluri florisa da faunis (kulturul garemosTan erTad) Seswavla, gancda da misgan siamovnebis miReba.

ekoturizmis cneba moicavs Semdeg elementebs (Lee-s mixedviT):

• 
  bunebrivi garemo;
  
• 
  ekologiuri da kulturuli mdgradoba;
  
• 
  ganaTleba;
  
• 
  adgilobrivi da erovnuli Semosavlis uzrunvelyofa.
  

ekoturizmisadmi interesi warmoqmna sazogadoebis mzardma miswrafebam _ moinaxos da Seicnos bunebrivi garemo da SemoiRos minimaluri zemoqmedebis praqtika imisaTvis, rom SeinarCunos monaxulebuli garemos xarisxi. dReisaTvis, rodesac sul ufro meti mogzauri cdilobs moinaxulos xeluxlebeli buneba da kulturuli memkvidreoba, ekoturizmi mniSvnelovan zrdas ganicdis. sxvadasxva qveynis mecnierTa gamokvlevebiT cnobilia, rom ekoturebis ricxvi 1988-dan 1989 wlamde 50%-iT gaizarda. WWF-is gamoTvlebiT 1988 wels ganviTarebadi qveynebis mier miRebuli Semosavlis 55 milioni dolaridan daaxloebiT 12 milioni ekoturizmisagan iyo Semosuli. ekoturis fasi Cveulebrivi turis fasze saSualod 11,1%-iT ufro maRalia, miuxedavad amisa, momxarebelTa umravlesoba mzad aris gadaixados es Rirebuleba. ekoturistTa umravlesoba evropidan, CrdiloeT amerikidan da iaponiidanaa, maTi saSualo asaki 31-50 welia da 1/3 ganmeorebadi momxmarebelia.

ra gansxvavebaa Cveulebriv turizmsa da ekoturizms Soris?

ekoturizmi Cveulebrivi turizmisgan gansxvavebiT moiTxovs mcire capitals bazarze Sesasvlelad da dafuZnebulia kulturul da bunebriv garemoze; maSin, rodesac Cveulebrivi turizmi moiTxovs didkapitals da dafuZnebulia xelovnur garemosa da gansakuTrebiT specifikuri mizniT Seqmnil maxasiaTeblebze.

Tu ekoturizmi aris martivi, mravalferovani da spontanuri; Cveulebrivi turizmi aris garTulebuli, ucvleli da gansazRvruli. ekoturizmi warmoebs momxmarebelTan pidapiri kontraqtiT, mcire jgufebTan da aris ZiriTadad klientze orientirebuli. Cveulebrivi turizmi ki, warmoebs Suamavlebis saSualebiT, didi jgufebTan da aris ZiriTadad industriaze orientirebuli. ekoturizmi SeTavazebulia momxarebelTa mcire raodenobisaTvis, aris ufro ZviradRirebuli,mcire moculobis da moaqvs didi mogeba; xolo Cveulebrivi turizmi SeTavazebulia momxmarebelTa didi raodenobisaTvis, aris SedarebiT iafi, didi moculobis da moaqvs mcire mogeba.

ekoturizmis, rogorc cnebis, ganmarteba mravalma mecnierma mogvca, magram arc erTi maTgani ar aris srulyofili. TviTeuli maTganis ganmartebaSi aris garkveuli naklovanebebi: mag. zogs ar aqvs gaTvaliswinebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleobis interesebi, zogs _ ekosistemis SenarCunebis mniSvneloba, zogs _ gamoricxuli aqvs turistebis mier bunebis Semecnebis mniSvneloba da a.S es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom termini `ekoturizmi~ SemoTavazebuli iyo marketologebis da ara mecnierebis, turizmis analitikosebis mier, anu ekoturizmi warmoiSva TviT turistebis moTxovnaTa Sedegad. sainteresoa saTavgadasavlo turizmis sazogadoebis Tavmjdomaris jeims pirsonis figuraluri gamoTqma: `...udavoa, ekonomika ekoturizmis momzidveli aRviria~-o. garemos dacvis kanadis sakonsultacio sabWom, gaiTvaliswina ra sxva ganmartebebis naklovani mxareebi, warmogvidgina `ekoturizmis~ Semdegi ganmarteba. `ekoturizmi _ es aris turizmis saxe, romelic dakavSirebulia bunebis SecnobasTan da romelsac adgilobrivi mosaxleobis interesebis pativiscemis pirobebSi, Seaqvs wvlili ekosistemebis SenarCunebaSi. amrigad, SeiZleba gamovyoT ekoturizmis sami ZiriTadi komponenti:

1. 
   `bunebis Semecneba~ _ anu turistebis mier bunebis Seswavla, axali codnis da Cvevebis miReba.
   
2. 
   `ekosistemebis SenarCuneba~ _ gulisxmobs turistuli jgufis ara marto Sesabamis qcevas marSrutis dros, aramed turistebis da turoperatorebis monawileobas garemos dacviT programebsa da RonisZiebebSi.
   
3. 
   `adgilobrivi mosaxleobis interesebis pativiscema~ gulisxmobs ara marto adgilobrivi kanonebisa da adaT-wesebis dacvas, aramed turizmis wvlilis Setanas turistuli daniSnulebis adgilebis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi.
   

27. 
    kulturuli faqtorebi da sazogadoebis marTva;
    

kulturis cneba aRniSnavs sazogadoebis, SemoqmedebiTi Zalebisa da adamianuri SesaZleblobebis istoriulad gansazRvrul dones, rac gamoxatulia cxovrebis organizaciisa da adamianTa moqmedebis tipebsa da formebSi, maT mier Seqmnil materialur da sulier faseulobebSi.

adamiani ar ibadeba socialur arsebad, is aseTad yalibdeba mxolod moqmedebis procesSi. ganaTleba, aRzrda – sxva araferia, Tu ara kulturis daufleba, erTi Taobidan meoreze gadacemis procesi. nebismieri adamiani, zrdasTan erTad eufleba im kulturas, romelic ukve iyo Seqmnili mis dabadebamde. udidesia masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa roli. kulturis aTvisebasTan erTad kulturuli faseulobebi ileqeba konkretul individualur adamianSi, mis xasiaTze, fsiqikur wyobaze, temperamentze – mentalitetze e.i. mimdinareobs pirovnebis individualizaciis uwyveti procesi, Sesabamisad pirovneba socializdeba im garemoSi, sadac mas uwevs arseboba. unda aRiniSnos, rom xSirad pirovnebis socialuri individualizacia da sazogadoebasTan socializacia urTierTwinaaRmdegobrivia:

1. erTis mxriv, adamiani aucileblad socializirdeba, iTvisebs ra sazogadoebis normebs, meore mxriv ki – cdilobs SeinarCunos Tavisi pirovnuli individualuroba.

2. winaaRmdegobrivia kulturis normatiulobisa da Tavisuflebas Soris xarisxiT.

3. kulturis tradiciulobasa da mis organizmSi mimdinare ganaxlebis process Soris arsebul dapirispirebaSi. es winaaRmdegobani Seadgenen ara marto kulturis arsebiT maxasiaTebels, aramed amave dros warmoadgenen misi ganviTarebis saTaves.

ganarCeven msoflio kulturasa da nacionalur kulturas. msoflio kultura – esaa Cvens planetaze mcxovrebi sxvadasxva xalxebis yvela nacionalur kulturaTa saukeTeso miRwevebis sinTezi. nacionaluri kultura – aris sazogadoebis sxvadasxva socialuri fenis, klasisa da jgufis kulturaTa sinTezi. nacionaluri kulturis TviTmyofadoba, misi ganumeorebloba da originaloba gamoxatulia cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis rogorc sulier, SemecnebiT da inteleqtualur, filosofiur, zneobriv, mxatvrul, samarTlebriv, ekologiur, sarwmunoebriv kulturaSi, ise materialur kulturaSi; sakuTar sxeulTan damokidebulebis, fizikur kulturaSi.

istoriulad kulturas akavSireben humanizmTan. kulturas safuZvlad udevs adamianis ganviTarebis done. kulturis kriteriumia sazogadoebis humanizacia. misi mizania – adamianis yovelmxrivi ganviTareba. mas xSirad uwodeben istoriuli memkvidreobiTobis anu informaciul funqcias.

kulturis erT-erTi wamyvani funqciaa – SemecnebiTi (gnoseologiuri) funqcia. axdens ra adamianTa mravali Taobis saukeTeso gamocdilebis koncentrirebas, iZens samyaros umdidresi codnis dagrovebis da amiT misi Semecnebisa da aTvisebisaTvis xelsayreli saSualebebis Seqmnis unars.

sazogadoeba inteleqtualuria imdenad, ramdenadac iyenebs kacobriobis kulturis genofondSi dagrovil mdidar codnas. sazogadoebis tipebi erTmaneTisagan ganirCevian warsulis faseulobaTa aTvisebis doniT. erTni amJRavneben saocar unars kulturis meSveobiT aiTvison yovelive saukeTeso da Caayenon TavianT samsaxurSi.

kulturas gaaCnia regulirebadi (normatiuli) funqciac. igi eyrdnoba iseT normatiul sistemebs rogoricaa morali da samarTali. gamarCeven aseve kulturis semiotur anu niSanTa funqcias. sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebs gaaCniaT sakuTari niSnebis sistema. faseulobiTi anu aqsioligiuri funqcia asaxavs kulturis mniSvnelovan xarisxobriv mdgomareobas.

dReisaTvis prioritetad aris aRiarebuli, rom garemos dacvas meti mxardamWeri hyavdes. garemis dacviT saqmianobaSi ZiriTadad arsebobs adgilobrivi monawileobis 2 tipi:

1.politikuri, romelic gulisxmobs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis uflebas monawileoba miiRos dacul terotoriaze gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi.

2.ekonomikuri, romelic gulisxmobs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis sargebels daculi teritoriidan an kompensacias am teritoriebiT sargeblobis akrZalvidan.

adgilobrivi mosaxleobis monawileoba ekoturizmSi SeiZleba daefuZnos an dacul teritorias an sasoflo-sameurneo teritoriaze arsebul specialur kulturul sanaxaobebs. turizmis ganviTarebaSi arsebobs adgilobrivi ekonomikuri monawileobis sxvadasxva tipi:

• 
  daculi teritoriiT sargeblobidan Semosuli Tanxebi;
  
• 
  miwis miyidva investorisTvis; miwis ijariT gacema an sargeblobaze uflebis miniWeba;
  
• 
  gareSe investorze muSaoba; produqciisa da momsaxurebis miwodeba;
  
• 
  sazogadoebrivi da kerZo seqtoris erToblivi sawarmo;
  
• 
  damoukidebeli sazogadoebrivi organizacia;
  
• 
  individualuri adgilobrivi sawarmo.
  

adgilobrivi monawileoba, romelsac saukeTeso perspeqtiva gaaCnia damokidebulia or faqtorze; 1. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis survili da SesaZlebloba monawileoba miiRon ekoturistul saqmianobaSi; 2. ekoturizmis bazris segmenti. mogeba, romelic mimarTuli iqneba adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaken aris motivacia mosaxleobisaTvis am saqmianobaSi aqtiuri monawileobisaTvis. es mogeba uzrunvelyofs qveynis regionebis ekonomikur aRmavlobas. ekoturizmSi iseTi struqtura unda Camoyalibdes, romelic:

• 
  dacul teritoriaze warmoadgens sazogadoebas, rogorc erT mTlians da ara mxolod mis gansakuTrebul calkeul jgufebs da elitarul fenas;
  
• 
  imuSavebs efeqturad – informacias miawvdis farTo sazogadoebas da gadawyvetilebebs miiRebs droulad;
  
• 
  aRiarebuli iqneba adgilobrivi monawileebis (sazogadoebis) mxridan;
  
• 
  mocemul teritoriaze, ekoturizmis dargSi, Camoayalibebs ganviTarebis perspeqtivas;
  
• 
  imuSavebs samarTlianad;
  
• 
  wevrebs Soris miiRebs maT, visac gaaCniaT Sesabamisi unar-Cveva da kvalifikacia ekoturizmis dagegmvasa da menejmentSi.
  

civilizacias naklebadnaziarebi teritoriebis mosaxleoba saWiroebs gansakuTrebul yuradRebas, radgan mosaxleobis raodenobis zrda da mrewvelobis ganviTareba zemoqmedebas axdens maT tradiciul yofaze. maT ufleba aqvT SeinarCunon TavianTi kulturuli TviTmyofadoba da winaprebis adaT-wesebi.

adgilobrivma xelisuflebam dagegmvis sawyis etapzeve unda waaxalisos mosaxleoba ekoturizmis xelSesawyobad, unda uzrunvelyos bavSvebisa da mozrdilTaTvis, adgilobrivi macxovreblebisaTvis garemos dacviTi ganaTlebis micema. ekoturistul saqmianobaSi CarTuli adgilobrivi mosaxleoba Tavisi qceviT, RirsebiT da vizitorebis mimarT gulTbili damokidebulebiT mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs ekoturistebis madlierebas, aRZravs maTSi am adgilebis xelmeored monaxulebis survils, safuZveli eyreba megobrobas, rasac internacionaluri mniSvneloba aqvs. mosaxleobis monawileoba dagegmvis procesSi gamoixateba imiT, rom adgilobrivi organoebi ayalibeben sakontrolo komisiebs, isini mgegmavebs aZleven rCevebs, rekomendaciebs, ganixilaven maT proeqtebs. komisiebi Sedgeba im uwyeba-dawesebulebebis warmomadgenlebisgan, romlebic dainteresebuli arian da Sexeba aqvT ekoturizmis ganviTarebasTan agreTve kerZo seqtorisa da sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebisagan. erT-erTi miRebuli RonisZiebaa erovnuli da regionaluri seminarebis Catareba gegmis ganxilvisa da sazogadoebisaTvis misi gacnobis mizniT. aseTi seminarebi farTod Suqdeba masmediis saSualebebiT.

ra SeiZleba izidavdes ekoturists ama Tu im qveyanaSi? yvelas aqvs gansxvavebuli sabaziso codna, gemovneba da a.S. ekoturisti SeiZleba miizidos qveynis arqiteqturam da dizainma, arqeologiurma monacemebma, floram, faunam, saintereso ekosistemebma, meurneobis xasiaTma, kulturam da sxv. Tu qveynis Sesaxeb monacemebi cnobilia msofliosaTvis, maSin meti albaTobaa dainteresebis. ekoturistebs sxvadasxva qveyanaSi izidavs stumar-maspinZlobis garkveuli Taviseburebebic.