Amea folklor institutu

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Churdamieva S. Ch.,
Yusufov M.G.,
Derbent, Russia
Derbent – the abode of SPIRINIT of the LAST CENTURIES
The historical range of the Derbent poets’ creation is extremely wide, a number of songs, folklore products, verses, reflected in itself any events of the past connected with breguent attack of the conguers , with military time, with the history or peaceful.
The reference to historical memory of the peoples, inhabiting Derbent and the territory around, it, has generated the special kind of poetic, song, folklore statement, воспевающего Derbent.
One of indicative examples from the past” a Song of Luckman”. A Lezginian singer Luckman lived in Худате and was famous for the wisdom and skilful possession of a word.
The Derbent khan had a daughter – a beautiful girl Bike-chanum who also owned the art of ashug’s singing. Cuban khan Anrach arranger the next comperetition between the ashugs. His ain was that the ashug, who was sent to Derbent should win Bike-chourum and bring her saz (a musician’s instrument), the ashugs’ contest. The generous award was promised forit. In the Anthologies of the Dagedtan poetry duel between Bike – Chanun and Kuckman is mentioned. In one the songs the ashug praises Dernent.
Derbent, you stand proudly above the sen.
You coo Like a pigeon in a cheerful, happy and way truthful.
Oh, large Derbent, tell me.
If you are my king friend
or a malicious enemy.
You are protected by a high mountain range from rear.
The sea beauty shines under you
The open space of blossoming steppe is before you.
The river is seen here.
There fortresses is seen there wall.
Dear Derbent! 1 am strongly anxious, -
You help me, I ask very much, very much!
Is there glory for me here, or is shame in store for me.
Give me the answer –
Shall I keep my word? [1; 250]
( Translation of L. Penkovsky.)
We can give a lot of such examples. Ashug Luckman persomifies Derbent, gives hum sacral features, askind “My kind friend or a malicious enemy”. We see, thayt even then the people perceived that city as something more familiar, than a simple town. It is the home of spirit of the last centuries giving force and courage to the people knowing his(its) complicated history.
The modern poets, having saved the sacral sense, which was born(carried) in themselves by(with) the legends of olden time, have created new paradigm of perception(recognition) of Derbent and its monuments. This novelty can be observed at different levels - substantial, thematic, symbolical. Peering in a history and in modernity(present), they address mythology almost as often, аs the events of our days. "Return" to the past is characteristic for the poetry of last two decades, and it is anal used through the prism of modernity
Joining of modernity(present) to mythology in creation of the poets of the Southern Dagestan and Derbent is found on the basis of historical realities concerning different temporary layers.
This very phenomenon was showed in the creation of new generation connosseurs of a word of Southern Dagestan in all presentation. The long – century history of the native city has always been and now is the inexhaustible source of inspiration for yhe ashugs, narrators and poets.
The refraction of traditional subjects in new discurse has a number (line) of steady elements, both in poetic area, and in the specificity of a representational art line. Jhese are general typological features transforming their poetry into a certain uniform aesthetic field. We also notice the movement of general art motive or image in time. So the 'motive of City, (its) past integrally enters into an aesthetic field of the poets of literary association "Гюлистан". In receives multiple realization in a lot of works.
It is necessary to paint out the feature uniting the poets of the most different directions in creation of mythology of an ancient Derbent the specificity of their literaty works. The products, characteristic feature of style as a whole is the presence of the lexical groups causing certain associations of readers. _Л
First of all it is a high rate of the usage of historical toponums of Derbant, Narin-Kala, Chazar, Demir-Kapi etc., found in the name of poems.
The toponyms проецируются not only on the mythological implication, though it also prevails, but also on event, level of the text. Being a paradigm of an associative type, mytho-poetic paradigms set the (connection) with the certain images, both east mythology, and folklore.
The of the poetic text itself becomes the name of a lexical unit, that is associative ly connected with mythological semantics. Creating their works on a basis already becoming classical мифологем Tagir Salech, Elman Abbas, F. Orudj, K. Alighanov, Djamal, Aydin Chanmagomedov, make up world, conformable to their internal space. However the generality of historical fates of the peoples of Southern Dagestan derivates similarity of themes, motives, a wingle system of
symbolics, the usage of similar composite receptions. The unity of the basic mutho-poetic codes frequently results that the texts of the authors of various world perception cultivate the same system of versemaking, often use the similar traditional forms of the poetic statement. Archaisms, dialectisms, historisms, obrions or latent beatures of east colour are frequently used. Besides philological and commor cultural outlook is reguired for the judgment of that colour. The researcher marks, that in the texts, in wgich the mythologems are given as the name (in) our case - "Derbent", "Narin-Kaa" etc.) "the verbalized and unverbalized mythologems take place.
The mythopoeticl paradigms in the texts of Tagir Salech, Elman Abbas, Fachretin Orudj, Aydin Chanmagomedov etc. are the paradigms of through character covering practically the texts of all the authors, mentioned above and allowing to speak about themy tho poetic type of their thinking.
It is Especially necessary to pout out the pfesence of steady mythological associations in verses, where the basic toponym is "Derbent", reffering us to a rich history of the ancient city.
H.p. Zaghidova writes in a similar occasion: " Verbal mythologems are given at a verbal level and become the starting mechanism of a lot of associations, the unverbalizad ones are created only at an associative level”.
Thus, language (i.e. verbal) means of transfer of direct associations the lexical means directly connected with the toponyms "Derbent", "Narin-Kala". "Chazar" etc., i.e. the words capable to call m consciousness certain images. models, whole layers of historical events.'
The lexical means connected to semantic meanings of the text cited can pass associations indirectly, at a level of a plot or a composition of a literary production.
The poem in principle this respect that, has most evidently and precisely expressed the idea on lumpsum existence in "great memory" of a man of different times and spaces, belongs to the pen Fachretin Orudj.'it is called "Derbent", and we can read the words of a world known classics of the Azerbaijan literature Samed Vurgun: As an epigraph to it. I do not know another such a sad city like Derbent.