demographic targeting
.
Thus, white forty-five-year-old guys living in the city, in theory, will all act,
smell, and sound alike, so they must all like the same products. That was the
basis of most media buying.
Then, for a hot minute, it went to
social targeting
, in which Facebook tried
to convince advertisers if two people, regardless of their demographics, “like”
the same brand on Facebook, they are similar and should be grouped/targeted
by those advertisers. That turned out to be total bullshit. All it meant was they
all shared the action of clicking “Like” on a Facebook brand page, and that
was about it—they didn’t aspire to the same products and services. Social
targeting was a failure.
The new marketing is
behavioral targeting
. And it works: nothing can
predict your future purchases like your current activities. If I’m on the
Tiffany website, and I have searched for engagement rings, and I have set up
an appointment to purchase such a ring at a certain boutique, that likely
means I am about to get married. If I’m spending a ton of time on the Audi
site configuring an A4, then I am in the market for a $30,000 to $40,000 four-
door luxury sedan.
Thanks to artificial intelligence we now can track behavior at a level and
scale previously unimaginable. It’s no accident when I start getting served
Audi ads all over the web. Behavioral targeting is now the white meat of
marketing. The ability to attach behavior to specific identities is the quiet war
taking place in media.
There is still a long way to go. I am (as I write this) on a plane from
Munich (to Bangkok), where I spoke at the immensely enjoyable DLD
conference. DLD is essentially a hip Davos, where followers of the religion
of innovation pilgrimage to Munich to worship at the feet of our modern-day
apostles—Kalanick, Hastings, Zuckerberg, Schmidt, etc. I can’t, obviously,
compete with those guys. So, my strategy for getting more attendance and
more YouTube views of my talk at DLD? I don a wig and (no joke) dance. I
don’t play fair—the basis of all good strategy.
In sum, my business strategy message boils down to “What can you do
really well that is also really hard?”
First, I say something in my talks. I highlight that Apple is the largest tax
avoider in the world because lawmakers treat it like the hot girl on campus—
if she pays a little attention to them, they swoon and are willing to enter into
an abusive relationship. I say that Uber is fomenting an ethos in business
that’s terrible for society. Four thousand Uber employees and their investors
will split $80 billion (or more) as the 1,600,000 drivers working for Uber will
see their wages crash to a level that makes them the working poor. We used
to admire firms that created hundreds of thousands of middle-and upper-class
jobs; now our heroes are firms that produce a dozen lords and hundreds of
thousands of serfs.
The CEOs at events like DLD can’t respond to my claims because if they
do the markets might listen and the consequences could be dramatic. In
addition, they can actually get into serious legal trouble if they, accidentally,
disclose nonpublic information. Thus, while I get to put on a show, their
speeches are rehearsed and bleached of anything meaningful you haven’t
read before in a press release from their investor relations department. That’s
why people attend my talks: I’m free to tell the truth, or at least pursue the
truth (I get it wrong all the time).
The CEOs sit and listen to my talks and smile. It’s the smile of poker
players holding aces. And every one of those aces is data. In the last decade,
the world’s most important companies have become experts in data—its
capture, its analytics, and its use. The power of big data and AI is that it
signals the end of sampling and statistics—now you can just track the
shopping pattern of
every
customer in
every
one of your stores around the
world—and then respond almost instantly with discounts, changes in
inventory, store layouts, etc. … and do so 24/7/365. Or better yet, you build
in the technology to respond every second, automatically. My favorite use of
AI is Netflix autoplay for the next episode of a series, which has now been
copied by other platforms.
The result is a level of understanding about your customers—indeed, about
human nature itself—that has never before been possible. And against
smaller, more regional companies it offers a competitive advantage that is
essentially unbeatable. The Four have become wizards.
Facility with data, and tech that updates the product real time, will be a key
component of the Fifth Horseman. No one has been able to aggregate more
intention data on what consumers like than Google. Google not only sees you
coming, but sees where you’re going. When homicide investigators arrive at
a crime scene and there is a suspect—almost always the spouse—they check
the suspect’s search history for suspicious Google queries (like “how to
poison your husband”). I suspect we’re going to find that U.S. agencies have
been mining Google to understand the intentions of more than some shopper
thinking about detergent, but cells looking for fertilizer to build bombs.
Google controls a massive amount of behavioral data. However, the
individual identities of users have to be anonymized and, to the best of our
knowledge, grouped. People are not comfortable with their name and picture
next to a list of all the things they have typed into the Google query box. And
for good reasons.
Take a moment to imagine your picture and your name above everything
you have typed into that Google search box. You’ve no doubt typed in some
crazy shit that you would rather other people
not
know. So, Google has to
aggregate this data, and can only say that people of this age or people of this
cohort, on average, type in these sorts of things into their Google search box.
Google still has a massive amount of data it can connect, if not to specific
identities, to specific groups. And if you don’t think they can’t find you if
they need to, remember: Google also used to claim it erased all of its records
on a regular basis. How did that work out?
Facebook can connect specific activities to a lot of specific identities.
Facebook has 1 billion daily active users. People live their lives out loud on
Facebook, documenting their actions, desires, friends, connections, fears, and
purchase intentions. As a result, Facebook is tracking more specific identities
than Google, a huge advantage when selling the ability to reach a specific
audience.
If I own a hotel in Hong Kong that caters to families, I can go to Facebook
and ask for ads targeted to families of a certain income level that travel to
Hong Kong at least twice a year. Facebook can identify and serve up the right
consumers at a scale previously unimaginable because it can connect data to
identity, and we’re not as creeped out, as we made this information publicly
available ourselves.
Amazon has 350 million credit cards and shopper profiles on file. More
than any company on earth, it knows what you like. It’s able to connect
identity, shopping patterns, and behaviors. Not to be outdone, Apple has a
billion credit cards on file and knows the media you most enjoy and, if Apple
Pay works, even more than that. Apple too is able to attach purchase data to
identity. Owning such a proprietary data set is the Chilean Gold Mines or the
Saudi Oil Reserves of the information age.
Just as important, these firms have the skills to leverage software and AI to
uncover patterns and improve their offerings. Amazon does an immense
number of A/B test emails to see what works best, while Google knows,
before anybody else, what you are intending to do. Facebook likely will
know more about the arc, texture, and intersection of actions and
relationships than any entity in history. What is the endgame, the payoff of
this, the greatest aggregation of human talent and data assembled in history?
To sell more Keurig Fortissio Lungo Pods.
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