5. Vertical Integration
The fifth factor in the T Algorithm is the ability to control the consumer
experience, at purchase, through vertical integration.
All of the Four control their distribution. If they don’t produce the product,
they source it, they merchandise it, they retail it, and they support it. Levi’s
went from $7 billion to $4 billion from 1995 to 2005 because it didn’t have
control of its distribution. Seeing Levi’s jeans piled up as you walk through
JCPenney’s is just not an aspirational experience. Cartier has caught, or
possibly surpassed, Rolex’s brand equity by making a big bet on its in-store
experience. It turns out that where and how you buy a watch is as important
as which tennis player wears that watch. Maybe more.
The ROI of investing in the pre-purchase process (advertising) has
declined. That’s why successful brands are forward integrating—owning
their own stores or shopper marketing. I believe P&G will begin acquiring
grocery retail, as they must develop distribution that’s growing, and not
depend on Amazon, who is their frenemy … minus the friend part.
Google controls its point of purchase. In 2000, Google was growing so
rapidly that Yahoo, the biggest search engine at the time, bought the rights to
offer Google search on Yahoo’s homepage. No longer. Facebook obviously
is vertical, as is Amazon. Neither produces its own products, but other than
sourcing and manufacturing, both control their entire user experience. The
biggest innovation for Apple is considered to be the iPhone—but what put
the company on track to be a trillion-dollar company was the genius move
into retail, usurping control over its distribution and brand. A decision that, at
the time, made little or no sense.
A company has to be vertical to reach half a trillion dollars in market
valuation. That’s easier said than done, and most brands leverage other
companies’ distribution, as distribution is expensive to build. If you’re
clothing designer Rebecca Minkoff, you’re not going to build your own
stores beyond a dozen flagship locations around the world; you don’t have
that capital. Instead, you sell your products at Macy’s and Nordstrom’s. Even
if you’re Nike, it’s much more efficient to sell through Foot Locker than to
build your own stores.
The Four Horsemen are vertical. Few brands have been able to maintain an
aspirational positioning without controlling a large portion of their
distribution. Samsung is never going to be that cool, not if it continues to
depend on AT&T, Verizon, and Best Buy stores. Remember where you used
to go get your Apple computer fixed fifteen years ago? There was a guy who
looked like he’d never kissed a girl but was a pro at fantasy adventure games.
He stood at a counter in front of piles of gutted computer parts, next to stacks
of
Macworld
magazine.
Apple sensed the shift and put people in blue shirts, titled them “genius,”
and set them in places that brought Apple products to life—spaces whose
materials reinforced how special and elegant Apple products are. Apple
stores today are intentionally beautiful; they remind you that Apple, and
those who purchase its products, “get it.”
6. AI
The sixth factor in the T Algorithm is a company’s access to, and facility
with, data. A trillion-dollar company must have technology that can learn
from human input and register data algorithmically—Himalayas of data that
can be fed into algorithms to improve the offering. The technology then uses
mathematical optimization that, in a millisecond, not only calibrates the
product to customers’ personal, immediate needs but improves the product
incrementally every time a user is on the platform for other concurrent and
future customers.
Marketing historically can be parsed into three major shifts regarding how
potential customers were targeted. The first era was
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