1-variant 1The subject matters of Lexicology

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1.The difference between morpheme, phoneme and the word.

Most of the words have a composite nature and they are made up morphemes is the smallest indivisable, two-faced language unit. Morphemes might be divided into phonemes. But if we divide morphemes into phonemes, phonemes unlikemorphemes have no meaning. (ex.t/ea/ch/er-teacher). Phonemes are used to make up morphemes. So the difference between morphemes is that morphemes have meaning but phonemes have not. A morpheme differs from a word too. Unlike a word a morpheme does not occur separately in speech. It occurs in speech as a constituent part of a word.

2.The native words and their properties.

We see that the role of native words in the language is great. Many authors use native words more than foreign ones. Thus Shekespear used 90% native words and 10% foreign words. Swift used 75% native words. Borrowed words have been called “the milestones of philology” - said O. Jeperson - because they permit us (show us) to fix approximatively the dates of linguistic changes. They show us the course of civilization and give us information of the nations”. The well-known linguist Shuchard said “No language is entierly pure”, that all the languages are mixed. Borrowed words enter the language as a result of influence of two main causes or factors; linguistic and extra-linguistic. Economic, cultural, industrial, political relations of speakers of the language with other countries refer to extra-linguistic factors.

3.Subdivisions of Lexicology.

Lexicology has some subdivisions such as:

1) Semasiology (deals with the meaning of the word);

2) Wordformation (studies all possible ways of the formation of new words in English);

3) Etymology (studies the origin of words);

4) Phraseology (studies the set-expressions, phraseological units);

5) Lexicography (studies compiling dictionaries).