1-variant 1The subject matters of Lexicology

8-VARIANT

1.The morphemic Structure of words.

According to the number of morphemes words are divided into monomorphemic and polymorphemic. Monomorphemic words consist of one root- morpheme. Ex. boy, girl, dog, cat.Polymorphemic words consist of more than two morphemes. Ex. teach/er, un/reason/able. Morphemes are arranged in the word according to certain rules. The relations with in the word and the interrelations between different types and classes of words are called derivational relations. The basic unit at the derivational level is the stem. The stem is a part of the word which remains unchanged throughout its paradigm. In the word foems “talk, talks, talked, talking” we can receive the stem “talk”. The stem which comes in the paradigm boy, boys, boy’s, boys’ is boy. In “teacher”, “teacher’s”, “teachers”, “teachers” the stem is “teacher”.

2.Etimological survey of English word-stock.

Etymologycally the vocabulary of the English language consists of two groups - the native words and the borrowed words. The etymological linguistic analysis showed that the borrowed stock of words is larger than the native stock of words. In fact native words comprise only 30% of the total number of words in the English vocabulary. A native word is a word which beiongs to the original English stock, which belongs to Anglo-Saxon origin. To the native words we include words from Common Germanic language and from Indo-European stock. Borrowed words are words taken over from other languages. Many linguists consider foreign influence plays the most important role in the history of the English language. But the grammar and phonetic system are very stable (unchangeable) and are not often influenced by other languages.Besides when we speak about the role of native and borrowed words in the English language we must not take into consideration only the number of them but their semantic, stylistic character, their wordbuilding ability, frequency value, collocability (valency) and the productivity of their wordbuilding patterns.

3. The connection of Lexicology with other aspects of language.

Lexicology is closely connected with other aspects of the language: grammar, phonetics,the history of the language and stylistics. Lexicology is connected with grammar because the word seldom occurs in isolation. Words alone do not form communication. It is only when words are connected and joined by the grammar rules of a language communication becomes possible. On the other hand grammatical form and function of the word affect its lexical meaning. For example.Whenthe verb “go” in the continuous tenses is followed by “to” and an infinitive,it expresses a future action.Ex.He is not going to read this book.Participle 11 of the verb “go”following the link verb “be”denotes the negative meaning. Ex.The house is gone. So the lexical meanings of the words are grammatically conditioned. Lexicology is linked with phonetics because the order and the arrangement of phonemes are related to its meaning. Ex.the words “tip”and “pit” consist of the same phonemes and it is the arrangement of phonemes