1-variant 1The subject matters of Lexicology

4.Find an example of derivational antonyms.

Possible-impossible

11-VARIANT

1.Linguistic and extra linguistic factor to the bollowing of words

The closer the two interacting languages are in structure the easier it is for words of one language to penetrate into the other. The fact that Scandinavian borrowings have penetrated into such grammatical classes as prepositions and pronouns (they, them, their, both, same, till) can only be attributed to a similarity in the structure of the two languages.

Borrowings enter the language in two ways: though oral speech (by immediate contact between the people) and though written speech (by indirect contact though books). Words borrowed orally (inch, mill, street, map) are usually short and they undergo more change in the act of adopter. Written borrowings (communque, bellas - letters naivete, psychology, pagoda etc) are often rather long and they are unknown to many people, speaking English.

2.Types of morphemes

Morphemes are divided into two: free and bound. Free morpheme is a morpheme which is identical with the wordform. In our example only “nation” can be said as a free morpheme, as it is like a wordform and can be used in isolation, de-,-al,-ize, are bound morphemes because they can’t be used seprately and do not coincide with wordforms.

3. English dictionaries and their development.

Lexicography is a science of dictionary-compiling. Modern English lexicography appeared in the 15 th century. In this period English-Latin dictionaries were in existence. The first dictionary of the English language was published in 1755 by Sumuel Johnson, in which he gave the origin of words and example from the works of the best writers. Another major milestone is the New English Dictionary of Oxford English Dictionary. It was written from 1888 up to 1928. It covers the vocabulary of English with a full historical evidence. It gives the full history of words. It has 13 volumes and a supplement containing neologisms (new words).The first important dictionary in American lexicography is Webster’s American Dictionary of the English language. It was published in 1828 in two volumes. Lexicography depends on its development in the solution of some general problems of lexicology. So, lexicography is closely connected with the problems of lexicology. The compilers approach to lexicological problems differently. For example, there is no clear border-line between homonymy and polysemy in different dictionaries. Thus in some dictionaries words such as fly-пешше (муха), (a two winged insect) and fly - ñ1äåï óøûí ìàòåðèàë (материал для пуговиц), (a flap of cloth covering the buttons on a garment) are treated as two different words and in others (Ex. the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English)- as different meanings of one and the same word