1-variant 1The subject matters of Lexicology

1-VARIANT

1The subject matters of Lexicology

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which studies the vocabulary of a language. Its basic task is to study the origin, the different properties of the vocabulary of a language. In other words, lexicology is concerned with words and set phrases which function in speech. Lexicology also studies all kinds of semantic relations (synonyms, antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields). Etymologically the word “lexicology” is a Greek word: “Lexic” means “word” and “logos”-learning.

2.Transformational analysis of words

Transformational Analysis. Sometimes the distributional analysis alone doesn’t show whether the meaning is the same or different. In this case we use transformational analysis. Transformation is any repatterning, remaking of a word group. Ex. to tear a curtain - the curtain has a tear to cat a finger - the finger has a cat. A paraphrase of a sentence in which some words are replaced by semantic equivalent is a lexical transformation. Ex. This novel is a best-seller - (this novel is) a book that has one of the biggest sales of the season. A lexical transformation keeps the meaning unchanged.

3.The classification of Phraseological Units.

V. V. Vinogradov classified phroseological units into three groups taking into consideration their motivation. They are: 1) phraseological fusions; they are such units which are completely non motivated word groups; Ex. to kick the bucket to get one’s goat, show the white feather. In these word groups the meaning of the whole expressions is not derived from the meaning of components. 2) phraseologycal units; the meaning of such word-groups can be perceived through the metaphorical meaning of the whole phraseological unit or the meaning of which may be seen as a metaphorical transference of the meaning of the word group: ex. to show one’s teeth, to know the way the wind blows, to stand to one’s guns, to take care of; 3) phraseological collocations: They include motivated relatively stable word groups. They have a certain degree of stabillity; ex. to take an interest, to fall in love, to look through one’s fingers, meet the demand etc.

4.

1.school-building. N+V+ing=N.

2.three-centered Numeral+noun+ed=adj

3.Mad doctor. Adj+noun=noun

4.to backbite. N+v=V