1-variant 1The subject matters of Lexicology

4..Find an example of homophones

Answer: Meat-meet

10-VARIANT

1.Borrowed words and their classification

Borrowed words have been called “the milestones of philology” - said O. Jeperson - because they permit us (show us) to fix approximatively the dates of linguistic changes. They show us the course of civilization and give us information of the nations”. The well-known linguist Shuchard said “No language is entierly pure”, that all the languages are mixed. Borrowed words enter the language as a result of influence of two main causes or factors; linguistic and extra-linguistic. Economic, cultural, industrial, political relations of speakers of the language with other countries refer to extra-linguistic factors. The historical development of England also influenced the language. Due to the great influence of the Roman civilization Latin was for a long time used in England as the language of learning and religion. Old Norse of the Scandinavian tribes was the language of the conquerors (9- 10- 11 centruries). French (Norman dialect) was the language of the other conquerors that brought with them a lot new notions of a higher social system, developed fuedalizm. It was the language of upper classes, of official documents and school (11-14cent). These factors are extra-linguistic ones.

2.The morphemic and derivationlar analysis of words.

Phonemes are used to make up morphemes. So the difference between morphemes is that morphemes have meaning but phonemes have not. A morpheme differs from a word too. Unlike a word a morpheme does not occur separately in speech. It occurs in speech as a constituent part of a word. How do we anslyse the composite nature of words? The method by which the segmentation of words into morphemes is carred out is known as I.C. analysis (the immediate constituents method). Let’s analyse the word “denationalize” with the help of I.C. method.

3.The morphemic structure of words.

Most of the words have a composite nature and they are made up morphemes is the smallest indivisable, two-faced language unit. Morphemes might be divided into phonemes. But if we divide morphemes into phonemes, phonemes unlikemorphemes have no meaning. (ex.t/ea/ch/er-teacher). Phonemes are used to make up morphemes. So the difference between morphemes is that morphemes have meaning but phonemes have not. A morpheme differs from a word too. Unlike a word a morpheme does not occur separately in speech. It occurs in speech as a constituent part of a word..