1-variant 1The subject matters of Lexicology

4.Find a word with a grammatical meaning of singular noun

His work is done well

4-variant

1.The relationships between exisfing words.

There is also a close relationship between lexicology and stylistics. The words “to begin” and “to commence” mean one and the same meaning but they can never be used interchangeable because they have different stylistic references. The relationship existing between words may be either syntagmatic or paradigmatic. The syntagmatic relationship is found in the context. The context is the minimum stretch of speech which is necessary to bring out the meaning of a word.Ex.take tea (чой ичмок-питъ чай), take tram (трамвайда юрмок-ехатъ на ). The paradigmatic relationship is the relations between words within the vocabulary: polysemy, synonyny, antonymy of words etc. There are two approaches to the study of the vocabulary of a language-diachronic and synchronic.

2.Componential analysis of words.

The term “componential analysis” was first used by W.Goodenough. (“Componential Analysis and the Study of Meaning”, Language, 1956, 32, 1) and F. Lounsbury (“ A Semantic Analysis of the Pawnee Kinship Usuage”, Language, 1956, 32,1). Words have meanings and the smallest units of meaning are called sememes or components of meaning. The word “woman” has the following components of meaning “human”, “female”, “adult”,

human human

girl female woman female

young adult

The component “young” distinguishes the word “girl” from “woman”.

human human

girl female boy male

young young

Here the component “male” distinguishes the word “boy” from “girl”.

Componential analysis deals with meanings. Different meanings of polysemantic words have different componential structure. Ex. the comporision of two meanings of the word “boy”.

human human

a male child male 2. a male servant male

young up to the any age

age 17 or 18

3. The subject matters of Lexicology

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which studies the vocabulary of a language. Its basic task is to study the origin, the different properties of the vocabulary of a language. In other words, lexicology is concerned with words and set phrases which function in speech. Lexicology also studies all kinds of semantic relations (synonyms, antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields). Etymologically the word “lexicology” is a Greek word: “Lexic” means “word” and “logos”-learning.