1-variant 1The subject matters of Lexicology

4,Find the dialectical word

1.kerk-scottish. 2.loch-scottish

3-Variant

1.The connection of Lexicology with other aspects of language.

Lexicology is closely connected with other aspects of the language: grammar, phonetics,the history of the language and stylistics. Lexicology is connected with grammar because the word seldom occurs in isolation. Words alone do not form communication. It is only when words are connected and joined by the grammar rules of a language communication becomes possible. On the other hand grammatical form and function of the word affect its lexical meaning. For example.Whenthe verb “go” in the continuous tenses is followed by “to” and an infinitive,it expresses a future action.Ex.He is not going to read this book.Participle 11 of the verb “go”following the link verb “be”denotes the negative meaning. Ex.The house is gone. So the lexical meanings of the words are grammatically conditioned. Lexicology is linked with phonetics because the order and the arrangement of phonemes are related to its meaning. Ex.the words “tip”and “pit” consist of the same phonemes and it is the arrangement of phonemes

2.Immediate constituent analysis of words

The Immediate Constituents Analysis. The Immediate Constituents (I. C.) Analysis attepts to determine the ways in which the units are related to one another. This method is based on a binary principle. In each stage of the prosedure we have two components. At each stage these two components are broken into two smaller meaningful elements. The analysis is ended when we arrive at the constituents which are not divided further. These constituents are called “the ultimate constituents”. The aim of the I. C. analysis is to segment a set of lexical units into two independent constituents. The meaning of yhe sentence, word group and the I. C. segmentation are interdependent.

Ex. A fat teacher’s wife may mean that either the teacher is fat or his wife is fat.

A fat teacher’s wife - means that the teacher is fat.

A fat teacher’s wife - means that his wife is fat.

A beautiful/ woman doctor - means that the doctor is a beautiful woman.

A beautiful woman/ doctor - means that the doctor who treats woman is beautiful. This analysis is widely used in lexicological investigations and in the study of derivational structure of words and morphemic analysis of words.

alone which determines the meaning of the words.The arrangement of phonemes in the words “increase”is the same.Only stress determines the difference in meaning.

3.Constrantive analysis of words

Contrastive analysis is used to reveal the features of sameness and differences in the lexical meaning and the semantic structure of correlated words in both related and nonrelated languages. We must know that the objective reality exists outside human being, every language classifies reality in its own way by means of its vocabulary units. In English the word “foot” is used to denote the extremity of the leg. But in Karakalpak and Russian there is no exact equivalent for “foot”. The words “нога”, “àÿ3” denote the whole leg including the foot. Classification of the real world around us is learned with our first language because we are used to the way in which our own language structures experience but in the fact it is highly arbitary.