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Broad Money (M2) in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and



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Bog'liq
UzbekBankingRG2009 (1)

 Broad Money (M2) in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and
Kyrgyzstan (as % of gross domestic product)
Sources:
Asian Development Bank, “Key Indicators 2007: Inequality in Asia,” 
available at www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2007/default 
.asp (Manila, 2007); European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 
Transition 
Report
(various years).
53.3
15.1
27.9
36.3
16.2
28.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Broad money to GDP
%
Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan


jUNE 2009 17
not only exceeded that of Russia and Ukraine over the years of 
transition, but also has been comparable to that of advanced tran-
sition economies. For instance, the size of bank assets was equal 
to approximately two-thirds of national output in both 1996 and 
2001. As Table 5 indicates, even though this ratio dropped down 
to about 46 percent in 2003 and to about 36 percent in 2006, the 
figure still remains surprisingly large in relation to the country’s 
ratio of broad money to GDP.
The explanation of this paradox and other peculiarities of the 
Uzbek experience, which will be discussed in detail in the next 
Table 4
Interest Rates and Inflation (%)
Consumer price inflation
Deposit rate
Lending rate
Official
estimate
EBRD
estimate
1995
90.0
105.0
304.6
304.6
1996
28.0
49.7
54.0
54.0
1997
14.8
28.0
58.8
70.9
1998
13.1
33.1
17.9
29.0
1999
13.5
32.7
29.1
57.3
2000
18.8
27.6
24.9
49.5
2001
21.2
27.6
27.4
47.5
2002
26.0
33.4
21.6
44.3
2003
20.3
23.9
3.8
14.8
2004
16.1
21.2
3.7
8.8
2005
15.5
19.9
7.8
10.0
2006
15.0
21.0
6.8
14.2
Sources:
Central Bank of Uzbekistan, “Current Situation in the Area of Money and 
Credit and the Main Focus of Monetary Policy for 2006,” available at http://cbu.uz/
uz/monet_policy/monet_direct2006.htm; 
“Current Situation in the Area of Money 
and Credit and the Main Focus of Monetary Policy for 2007,” available at http://
cbu.uz/uz/monet_policy/monet_direct2007.htm; “Current Situation in the Area 
of Money and Credit and the Main Focus of Monetary Policy for 2008,” avail-
able at http://cbu.uz/uz/monet_policy/monet_direct2008.htm; 
European Bank for 
Reconstruction and Development
Transition Report
(various years).


18 PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC TRANSITION
section, lies in the choice of policies for economic reforms and the 
current structure of the economy. At the start of transition the Uzbek 
authorities decided to adopt a gradual and evolutionary approach 
to transform the economy into a market-based one.
6
Although the 
announced gradualist approach to transition did not clarify any 
pre-identified strategy to explain the expected evolutionary phases 
of transition, the authorities did emphasize their priorities. First, 
in order to reduce the risk of vulnerability from economic fluctua-
tions in other countries within the FSU, they wanted to achieve 
“economic independence” in areas that they considered to be of 
strategic importance. This especially referred to the achievement of 
self-sufficiency in basic consumer goods, such as wheat, and in en-
Table 5

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