Ўзбекистон республикаси олий ва ўрта махсус таълим вазирлиги ўзбекистон давлат жаҳон тиллари университети инглиз тили назарий аспектлари №1



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Лексикология УМК

information technologiesteleputer < television + computer; webcam < web + camera; netaholic < Internet + alcoholic;
economicsecolonomics < ecology + economics; freeconomics < free + economics; slowflation < slow + inflation;
geography: Eurabia < Europe + Arabia; Chindia < China + India; Calexico < California + Mexico;
literature and art: dramedy < drama + comedy; fictomercial < fiction + commercial; docusoap < documentary + soap-opera;
linguisticsSpanglish < Spanish + English; Hindlish < Hindi + English; cryptolect < cryptography + dialect; publilect < puberty + dialect;
Therefore, a blend is perceived as a simple word unless speakers have received the extra-linguistic information about its composition. Many blends are short-lived. A fair proportion, however, have become established in the vocabulary, e.g. clash-clap H-crash or dash; flush = flash blush; brunch--breakfast-Ь lunch; 5language=slang-language; amaze smoke haze, etc. In most cases blends belong to the colloquial layer of words sometimes bordering on slang, e. g. amaze, brunch, language, politician pollute politician--грязныйполитикан, etc. There are numerous blends, however, in the terminological sector of the vocabulary, e.g. recon=radar beacon – радиолокационный маяк; transceiver = transmitter-receive--приемно-передающа я станция; transistor=transfer resistor--транзистор, etc. thus, blending is popular in ads and terms.
Back -formation (reversion) is the derivation of words by taking away a real or supposed affix from words. Thus, it is the derivation of new words by subtracting a real or supposed affix from existing words through misinterpretation of their structure. In these cases the verb was made from the noun by subtracting what was mistakenly associated with the English suffix “-er”. In the case of the verb to beg and to burgle the process was reversed: instead of a noun made from a verb by affixation (as in painter from to paint), a verb was produced from a noun by subtraction.The process is based on analogy with derivation (affixation)
Example to edit < editor
to beg < beggar
to butle < butler to typewrite < typewriter
to chauff < chauffeur
In many cases back - formation has only diachronic relevance. From synchronic point of view butter - to butle is equal to painter - to paint.
Lately many compound - derived words having -er or - ing as their last element lose them when changing part of speech meaning ;
a baby - sitter > to babysit
a house - cleaner > to houseclean
to housekeep - to force land ,
to tape - record, to fingerprint ,
to televise < television,
to sightsee < sightseeing
At the present time backformation combined with conversion seems to be active in the formation of verbs from compound nouns mostly of a terminological character, e.g. to blood-transfuse from blood-trans fusion – переливание крови; to rush-develop from rush-development быстрое проявление пленки; to finger-print from finger-printing – взятие oтпечатков льцев; to baby-sit from baby-sitter= приходящая няня, etc.

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