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XORAZM MA
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MUN AKADEMIYASI AXBOROTNOM
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SI
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9/2020
154
In connection with the above, it is particularly important to understand that the difference
between language and speech is both necessary and at the same time somewhat conditional. The
convention in this case consists only in the fact that language and speech are inseparable from each
other - they are two sides of the same phenomenon. One without the other is meaningless. The
language system and language material are only different aspects of the only given experience of
speech activity (L.V.Sherba). In addition, the use of language in oral and written speech leads to the
receipt of text. And then it is called a language material, a speech produ ct.
Different approaches to the consideration of the text led to different definitions of this
concept.Each researcher puts his own meaning into this concept and gives the term his own
interpretation, based on the postulates of the science of which he is a representative, and in
accordance with his scientific views, preferences, with his concept and understanding of the nature
of language, speech and man. According to Y.A.Sorokin's calculations, there are about 250
definitions of this concept, which indicates that science has not yet developed an acceptable and
generally accepted definition of this concept, since it is one of the most complex objects of research
in the world.
I.R.Galperin understands the text as a product of the speech-making process. L.M.Loseva
believes that the text is a message in written form, characterized by semantic completeness and a
certain attitude of the author to the reported. According to G.V.Kolshansky, this is the connection of
at least two statements, in which a minimal act of communication can be completed - the transfer of
information or the exchange of thoughts between partners.O.I.Moskalskaya asserts that "the main
unit of speech that expresses a complete utterance is not a sentence, but a text, a sentence-utterance
is only a special case, a special kind of text." N.D.Zarubina notes that "a text is a written speech
work that belongs to one participant in communication, complete and correctly designed".
According to L.V.Sherba, the text is the totality of all that is spoken in a certain specific
situation in a particular era of the life of a given social group. A.I.Smirnitsky believes that a speech
work contains units of language that express a chain of thoughts; it is not included as a whole in the
language, but belongs to a certain sphere of human activity. A speech work can be produced or
reproduced.S.G.Ilenko also recognizes the expediency of separating the concepts under
consideration. This is how she understands each of them: units of language are inherently
reproducible, computable, and "abstract (free of lexical content) models." Filling these models with
lexical means converts them into speech units. The latter is a language in action, and t he text is a
complete speech work. Thus, peech is a purposeful, situation-driven sequence of actions in the use
of language that leads to the generation of text. Analyzing the above definitions, we can conclude
that the most common view in science is the view of the text as any integral (complete) product of
speech activity; it is a speech-creating work. The production of texts, as well as their understanding,
occurs in the process of communication or to achieve the goals of communication. Many
researchers refer to texts only as "closed", fixed, limited, processed, meaningful, written speech
works.
All of the above allows us to say that the diverse multidirectional and at the same time
interrelated contradictions are reduced to a general contradiction and interaction that exists in the
acts of human communication - between language and speech. In the study of a large and complex
range of issues related to the problem of "the notion of text in pragmalinguistics", one can take a
two - fold position: on the one hand, clearly understand the productive nature of textual activity, on
the other-take into account the communicative nature of acts of text generation, in the process of
which there are often obvious mechanisms of reproduction.
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