Xavf ozod darajasiga ko'ra

Financial Risks for the Market

Bozor uchun moliyaviy risklar

Several types of financial risk are tied to financial markets. As mentioned earlier, many circumstances can impact the financial market. As demonstrated during the 2007 to 2008 global financial crisis, when a critical sector of the market struggles it can impact the monetary wellbeing of the entire marketplace. During this time, businesses closed, investors lost fortunes, and governments were forced to rethink their monetary policy. However, many other events also impact the market.
Moliyaviy tavakkalchilikning bir qancha turlari moliyaviy bozorlar bilan bog'liq. Yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, ko'plab holatlar moliyaviy bozorga ta'sir qilishi mumkin. 2007 yildan 2008 yilgacha bo'lgan global moliyaviy inqiroz davrida ko'rsatilgandek, bozorning muhim sektori kurashayotganda, bu butun bozorning pul farovonligiga ta'sir qilishi mumkin. Bu vaqt ichida korxonalar yopildi, investorlar boyliklarini yo‘qotdilar va hukumatlar pul-kredit siyosatini qayta ko‘rib chiqishga majbur bo‘ldilar. Biroq, boshqa ko'plab voqealar ham bozorga ta'sir qiladi.
Volatility brings uncertainty about the fair value of market assets. Seen as a statistical measure, volatility reflects the confidence of the stakeholders that market returns match the actual valuation of individual assets and the marketplace as a whole. Measured as implied volatility (IV) and represented by a percentage, this statistical value indicates the bullish or bearish—market on the rise versus the market in decline—view of investments. Volatility or equity risk can cause abrupt price swings in shares of stock. 
O'zgaruvchanlik bozor aktivlarining adolatli qiymatiga nisbatan noaniqlikni keltirib chiqaradi. Statistik o'lchov sifatida qaralganda, o'zgaruvchanlik manfaatdor tomonlarning bozor daromadlari alohida aktivlarning va umuman bozorning haqiqiy bahosiga mos kelishiga ishonchini aks ettiradi. Ko'zda tutilgan o'zgaruvchanlik (IV) sifatida o'lchanadigan va foiz bilan ifodalangan bu statistik qiymat investitsiyalar bo'yicha ko'tarilish yoki pasayish tendentsiyasini ko'rsatadi. O'zgaruvchanlik yoki qimmatli qog'ozlar xavfi qimmatli qog'ozlar narxining keskin o'zgarishiga olib kelishi mumkin.
Default and changes in the market interest rate can also pose a financial risk. Defaults happen mainly in the debt or bond market as companies or other issuers fail to pay their debt obligations, harming investors. Changes in the market interest rate can push individual securities into being unprofitable for investors, forcing them into lower-paying debt securities or facing negative returns.
Defolt va bozor foiz stavkasining o'zgarishi ham moliyaviy xavf tug'dirishi mumkin. Defoltlar asosan qarz yoki obligatsiyalar bozorida sodir bo'ladi, chunki kompaniyalar yoki boshqa emitentlar o'z qarz majburiyatlarini to'lamaydilar, bu esa investorlarga zarar yetkazadi. Bozor foiz stavkasining o'zgarishi alohida qimmatli qog'ozlarni investorlar uchun foydasiz holga keltirishi, ularni kam to'lanadigan qarzdorlik qimmatli qog'ozlariga majburlashi yoki salbiy daromad keltirishi mumkin.
Asset-backed risk is the chance that asset-backed securities—pools of various types of loans—may become volatile if the underlying securities also change in value. Sub-categories of asset-backed risk involve the borrower paying off a debt early, thus ending the income stream from repayments and significant changes in interest rates.
Aktivlar bilan ta'minlangan risk - bu, agar asosiy qimmatli qog'ozlar qiymati o'zgarsa, aktivlar bilan ta'minlangan qimmatli qog'ozlar - har xil turdagi kreditlar - o'zgaruvchan bo'lib qolishi ehtimoli. Aktivlar bilan ta'minlangan riskning kichik toifalari qarz oluvchining qarzni muddatidan oldin to'lashini o'z ichiga oladi, bu esa to'lovlardan keladigan daromad oqimini va foiz stavkalarining sezilarli o'zgarishini tugatadi.