‘This is a wonderful book that should be on the desk of every architect and planner. It shows how


If eco-retrofitting is so logical, why haven’t governments embraced it?



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Positive Development From Vicious Circles to V

If eco-retrofitting is so logical, why haven’t governments embraced it? 
As we know, governments are slow to act on any sustainability issues, partly because they operate 
within a short-term political and narrow economic framework. Retrofitting would be more 
compelling, even to politicians, if our mental balance sheets presented a whole system perspective 
that made market distortions and the costs of inaction more transparent. That is to say, if the human 


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The Case for Eco-retrofitting
and natural resource costs of existing development were considered, owners of poorly-designed 
buildings and development control authorities would have to account for the externality costs that 
their decisions impose upon society [Chapter 9]. Currently, the externalities of poor building design 
are, for practical purposes, subsidized. For example, the price of resources does not reflect the 
environmental, let alone the replacement, costs. The costs of resources are already rising due to 
increasing scarcity [Boxes 42 and 43]. As these true costs are gradually reflected in their market price, 
‘savings’ in carbon dioxide emissions, materials, energy and water will be increasingly understood as 
potential ‘income’ over time. In fact, with ‘full cost pricing’ (where users pay the replacement cost 
of resources), the myriad rating tools and costly development control systems would be virtually 
redundant. In a more perfect world, design would be the first place to which businesses would turn 
to make profits, not financial speculation.
Why don’t governments just simply require full cost pricing then?
It would appear that governments in liberal societies prefer indirect means or incentives – whether in 
the form of what are seen as ‘positive’ subsidies or ‘negative’ regulations.
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There may be less friction in 
handing out money from tax revenue than making consumers pay more for goods or fuels. Of course, 
incentives have their place. But we do not create incentives for eco-logical design. Our incentives 
still favour industrial, fossil fuel-based or ‘fossilized’ solutions over community-based, creative and 
commonsense actions. The fossil fuel industries receive billions in subsidies despite billions in profits.
Green buildings could achieve an even higher financial return if developers or building owners could 
get ‘extra’ credit for, or capture the savings in, reduced embodied and operational energy, water, and 
other human and natural resources. Currently, however, green buildings are still penalized [Chapter 
5]. Later we will explore how developers could be given incentives, like tradable credits for resource 
savings, through existing mechanisms such as ‘points’ in development control systems, transferable 
development rights, and so on [Chapter 11]. Since retrofitting could be cheaper than doing nothing, 
however, it is less a matter of creating incentives than of removing intellectual and institutional 
impediments and perverse subsidies.

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