seminary students must not for a moment forget about the existence of these
deceptive snakes with colourful spots on their skins […]
In the opinion of some people, a clergyman was worthy of respect and honour
only when stupidity engulfed all his being; otherwise there seemed to be
something fishy about a clergyman who was honest, efficient and knowledgeable
in what he was doing, and clever. […]
It was through the war that we unveiled the deceitful face of the World
Devourers. It was through the war that we recognized our enemies and friends. It
was during the war that we concluded that we must stand on our own feet. It was
through the war that we broke the back of both Eastern and Western
superpowers. It was through the war that we consolidated the roots of our fruitful
Islamic revolution. It was through the war that we nurtured a sense of fraternity
and patriotism in the spirit of all the people. It was through the war that we
showed the people of the world —in particular the people of the region—that
one can fight against all the powers and superpowers for several years. […]
What is perhaps most immediately conspicuous in this text sample is the
unfamiliarity—to Western readers—of the mix of genres it displays. There are
features here of at least three recognizable genres: the political tirade, the
religious sermon and legal deontology. Statements of political policy
(It was
through the war that we broke the back of both Eastern and Western
superpowers…) intermingle with the religious sermon
(God does not forgive
those who…) and points of Islamic law (references in passages of Khomeini’s
address, not reproduced above, to the ‘cutting off of hands’ and to ‘the inner
meaning of juris-prudence’). Such a combination of generic elements, however,
although it is disconcerting for the average English-language reader, is entirely
appropriate—and not necessarily perceived as hybrid—in the socio-textual
practice of language cultures such as Farsi and Arabic. Although the scope of the
translator for modifying genres in translation is limited, possibilities exist at the
level of lexical selection (collocations, imagery and so on) for reducing the
heterogeneity of the source text and rendering it more compatible with perceived
reader expectations of what is appropriate to the occasion (of a head of state
addressing a particular audience). What is significant in
Sample 9.1
, however, is
that the translator’s mediation appears to be minimal.
The translator’s scope is perhaps most apparent in terms of discoursal features
—as will be demonstrated in relation to
Sample 9.2
later in this chapter. There
are a host of textural devices which may serve as the vehicles for a discourse and
provide evidence of the assumptions which compose an ideology. Among salient
features in
Sample 9.1
, we shall comment on just a few: cohesion, transitivity,
over-lexicalization and style-shifting.
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