The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy



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4.2 Movant 
The second participant in a throwing event is the 
MOVANT
. It is the element that is 
moving or conceptualized as moving. We will see that in many cases there is no actual 
physical movement, but different types of metaphorical or fictive motion. In our study, this 
slot is especially revealing, since the verbs tend to express different notions when occurring 
with different types of 
MOVANTS
. There is in fact such a large amount of variation in meaning 
that only the most frequently occurring uses will be discussed
12
. The reader should keep in 
12
Some examples that are not discussed include the fixed phrase 
echar de ver 
‘to notice’ (1), sentences with 
no 
DIRECTIONAL
but a phrase describing the manner of motion (2), and some cases of metonymy (3). Shown in 
the following examples:
Continued… 


56 | 
mind that the following is not (and cannot be) an exhaustive description of all the meanings 
of each verb. It is also important to note that some of the meaning extensions, especially the 
less frequent ones, might not apply to all dialects.
4.2.1 The 400-sentence Corpus
 
Annotating the 
MOVANT
was problematic: decisions had to be made about what 
counted as a 
MOVANT
and what did not. The most common way to express the 
MOVANT
is as 
the direct object of the verb (15). Direct objects can also be marked by a pre-verbal clitic 
(16).
(15) T
IRÓ
su barra de hierro 
al suelo
… 
(CdE:19-F, Kensington Gardens) 
‘S/he 
THREW
her/his iron bar 
to the ground
’ 
(16) Lo 
TIRARON
sobre los ladrillos del calabozo
… 
(CdE: 19-F, El gallo) 
‘They 
THREW
him 

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