The Interplay of Synonymy and Polysemy


light verb  constructions



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Bog'liq
thesis

light verb 
constructions
.
(20) No 
ECHES
la culpa 
a otros
… 
(CdE:19-F, Angola y otros cuentos) 
no throw the blame at others 
‘Don’t 
PLACE
the blame 
on others
’ 
Usually, the verbs in light verb constructions are considered semantically empty 
(Alonso Ramos 2004:17, Jesperson 1940 (cited in Brugman 2001)), so that the relation 
between the verb and the other elements in a sentence would be different from a regular verb 
plus noun combination. I treat the nominal element of light verbs as 
MOVANTS 
(
la culpa
‘the 
blame’ in our example). I will argue (§5.1) that though the verb’s meaning is more abstract in 
LVCs, it still retains important parts of its meaning, including its participant roles.
Echar 
also occurs in the idiomatic phrase 
echar de menos
(literally ‘throw of less’) 
which means ‘to miss someone/something’.
(21) 
ECHO DE MENOS
a los míos… 
(CdE:19-F, Luz) 
‘I 
MISS
my own (people)’ 
The meaning of this phrase involves two participants: a person who misses and the 
person/thing that is missed (e.g. 
a los míos
‘my own (people)’). It is this latter element that is 


59 | 
classified with the 
MOVANTS
. The semantics of the second participant in 
echar de menos
parallels the 
MOVANT
in a throwing event; both are the second focal participant, the landmark 
(Langacker 2008).
Another interesting case occurs with 
tirar.
It can mean ‘to pull something towards 
oneself or behind oneself’ (DELE). When expressing this meaning, the sentences show a 
special behavior.
(22) 

TIRÉ
de su gabardina, pero no se movió. 
(CdE:19-N, España:ABC) 
… pulled.1
st
from his raincoat, but no CL.3
rd
move.3
rd
‘I pulled on his raincoat, but he didn’t move.’ 
The most common sentence type for this meaning is to have the preposition 
de 
‘from’ 
introducing the element that is being pulled (22). The one exerting the force is the speaker, 
and s/he is pulling on the raincoat. I agree with ADESSE in treating the element being pulled 
as the 
MOVANT 
(though see §4.3.6). This element is the one that is affected by the force 
created by the 
INITIATOR
.
The 
PULL 
construction also appears in a different type of sentence shown in (23). This 
sentence type is less common in the 400-sentence corpus (and less common in ADESSE). 
(23) 
él
TIRABA
el caballo de las riendas 
(CdE:19-F, Pedro) 
he pulled the horse from the reins 

He
PULLED
the horse by the reins’ 
Here, there are three elements: the one pulling (he), the element being pulled (the 
reins), and also the element that is affected by the pulling (the horse). In a sense, the horse is 
also undergoing movement due to the force exerted by the 
INITIATOR
. In these types of 
sentences, there is always a part-whole relationship: the element being pulled is a part of an 
entity affected by that pulling. In the annotation process, 
las riendas
‘the reins’ was 
considered the 
MOVANT
,
consistent with the rest of the sentences, while 
el caballo
‘the horse’ 
did not fall into any of the categories under study.
A final sentence type involves no overt mention of the 
MOVANT
. This is exemplified 
in (24). The sentence includes the verb 
tirar 
but there is no mention of what is undergoing 
motion. 
(CdE:19-N, Hon:Prensa:98May11) 
(24) 
Fue 
él
quien a los 28 minutos 
TIRÓ
violento 

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