72
Commissioner Statements
economic, political and social consequences for state and local governments and their
associated communities.
109
Yet to date, there has been little serious assessment or discussion
of these impacts in crafting federal immigration proposals. Furthermore, as the dissenting
Commissioners‘ joint statement to this report demonstrates, hyperbole and
mischaracterizations of opponents‘ positions too often substitute for responsible debate
where the issue of illegal immigration is concerned.
110
Addressing illegal immigration is difficult without first having a frank and honest debate
about what we want our overall national immigration policy to accomplish. As economist
George Borjas observes in his book
Heaven’s Door
, only by first defining our objectives can
we answer the fundamental questions of how many immigrants to admit and who should be
admitted.
111
As Borjas notes, such questions cut to the heart of our ―conception of what the
United States is about.‖
112
But building a political consensus regarding the purpose of
immigration is no small task. It is also one that is outside of this Commission‘s specific
jurisdiction, which is why our briefing was designed to analyze only one of the many
important issues in the immigration debate: the profound economic consequences for
communities of color.
Does illegal immigration exert downward pressure on the wages and employment
opportunities of low-skilled workers, particularly black workers, who tend to be represented
in higher concentrations in the low- and unskilled workforce? Our briefing revealed that
there is general consensus among economists that it does (although that consensus breaks
down over the magnitude of the effect and how or whether our national immigration policy
should be modified as a result). Yet this issue has not generated the kind of scrutiny by
policymakers that its potentially serious consequences merit.
113
In its limited treatment of the
issue, much of the media has tended to downplay the impact of illegal immigration on low-
skilled workers, tending to focus instead on the alleged overall benefits of the cheap labor
provided by illegal immigrants to the U.S. economy.
114
Perhaps a more searching analysis
has been avoided because of the uncomfortable facts it might reveal, particularly to those for
whom even the most speculative harm to minorities is often a trigger for robotic
demagoguery.
109
See
Vernon Briggs,
The State of U.S. Immigration Policy: The Quandary ofEconomic Methodology and the
Relevance of Economic Research to Know
, 5 G
EO
. M
AS
. L.R. 177, 181 (2009); Impact of Illegal Immigration
Br. Tr. 114 (Testimony of Carol Swain).
110
Joint Dissenting Statement of Commissioners Yaki and Melendez at page 69 of this report. Commissioner
Yaki‘s exchange with Dr. Vernon Briggs during the Commission‘s Apr. 4, 2008 briefing is similarly instructive.
See
Impact of Illegal Immigration Br. Tr. 66-77.
111
G
EORGE
J. B
ORJAS
, H
EAVEN
‘
S
D
OOR
5 (1999).
112
Id.
113
There have been some developments on this front recently, however: on January 26, 2010, Reps. Lamar
Smith and Gary Miller announced the formation of the ―Reclaim American Jobs Caucus‖ to focus on the impact
of illegal immigration on the unemployment rate of U.S. workers, especially in light of the economic downturn.
Gayle Cinquergrani,
Two GOP Lawmakers Form Caucus to Focus on Impact ofIllegal Immigration on Jobs,
BNA D
AILY
L
ABOR
R
EP
., Jan. 28, 2010, at A-7.
114
See, e.g.
Chris Isidore,
Illegal workers: goodfor U.S. Economy
,
C
NN
M
ONEY
.C
OM
(May 1, 2006).
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