śrāmaṇera
informed the inhabitants in the city and the towns of Śāriputra’s
intention. King Ajātaśatru and the people of his country came in a great hurry
and assembled together like clouds. Śāriputra expounded the Dharma exten-
sively for them and, after hearing the Dharma, the audience dispersed. Late
in the night he concentrated his mind and entered the
samādhi
of complete
cessation of sensation and perception. When he came out of the
samādhi
he
passed into nirvana.
Four or five
li
to the southeast of the town of Kālapināka is a stupa at the
place where the disciples of Venerable Śāriputra entered nirvana. It is also
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The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
said that at the time of Kāśyapa Buddha the great arhat Trikoṭi (
koṭi
meaning
“one hundred million” in Chinese) entered final nirvana at this same place.
Going to the east for more than thirty
li
from the stupa of Śāriputra’s dis-
ciples, I reached Indraśailaguhā Mountain (known as Dishiku, “Indra’s Cave,”
in Chinese). The mountain valleys are deep and quiet, with exuberant flowers
and trees. There are two prominent peaks on the mountain’s summit. On the
south cliff of the west peak is a large cave, wide but not high, where formerly
the Tathāgata often stayed. In those days Indra carved marks on the rock
concerning forty-two dubious points about which he inquired of the Buddham,
who gave him explanations. The marks are still there. The present image [in
the cave] was made in imitation of the posture of the Buddha as he was on
that occasion. All of those who entered the cave to worship the image was
inspired with a feeling of awe and veneration. On the crag of the mountain
are sites where the four past buddhas sat and walked back and forth. On the
east peak is a monastery. The local people say that at night the monks of this
monastery often see lamps and candles burning brightly before the image in
the cave on the east peak.
In front of the monastery on the east peak of Indraśailaguhā Mountain is
a stupa named Haṃsa (“Wild Goose”). The monks of this monastery once
practiced the Hinayana teachings. Because these are gradual teachings, the
monks were allowed to eat the three kinds of pure meat and this habit persisted.
Later, after the three kinds of pure meat had become unobtainable, a
bhikṣu,
while taking a walk, saw a flock of wild geese flying overhead. He said in
jest, “Today the monks are running short of food for their midday meal. The
Mahāsattva should know that this is the right time [to make a sacrifice]!”
Before he had finished speaking one of the wild geese flew back and dropped
dead on the ground in front of the monk. Seeing this incident, the
bhikṣu
related it to all the monks, who were sad to hear it and said among themselves,
“The Tathāgata preached the Dharma according to the faculty of understanding
of those in the audience, in order to guide and induce them to enlightenment.
We have been stupidly following the gradual teachings. The Mahayana tenets
are the right principles and we should correct our former behavior and follow
the holy teachings. This wild goose is our clever guide and it came to admonish
us. Its great virtue should be glorified and the event transmitted to posterity.”
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Fascicle IX
Thus a stupa was built in memory of its spirit of sacrifice, and the dead goose
was buried under it.
Going northeast for one hundred and fifty or sixty
li
from Indraśailaguhā
Mountain, I reached Kapotaka (“Pigeon”) Monastery where more than two
hundred monks lived; they study the teachings of the Sarvāstivāda school.
To the east of the monastery is a stupa built by King Aśoka. The Buddha
once preached the Dharma to the monks at this place for an entire night.
Meanwhile a bird catcher was catching some of the feathered tribe with a
net in the wood but he failed to get any birds for a whole day. He said, “I
lack good fortune and whatever I do is always adverse for me.” He came to
the place of the Buddha and declared, “Today the Tathāgata is preaching the
Dharma here and I am unable to catch any birds with my net. What should
I do to feed my starving wife and children?” The Tathāgata told him, “Build
a fire! I shall give you food.” The Tathāgata then took the form of a pigeon
and burned himself to death in the fire. The bird catcher took the dead pigeon
home and ate it with his wife and children. Later, he returned to the place of
the Buddha, who converted him in an appropriate way. On hearing the Dharma
the bird catcher repented of his misdeeds, made a fresh start in life by relin-
quishing his home for spiritual cultivation, and realized sainthood. Thus the
monastery constructed at this place was named Pigeon Monastery.
Two or three
li
to the south of Kapotaka Monastery is an isolated hill that
is tall and precipitous, covered by splendid flowers, with luxuriant trees and
clear streams. On the hill there are many beautifully constructed temples and
shrines with most exquisite carvings and engravings. In the central temple an
image of Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva is enshrined; it is small in size but august
and mystical in spiritual manifestation. The figure holds a lotus flower in one
hand and has a small statuette on its forehead. Some people once fasted and
prayed earnestly for seven days, a fortnight, or even one month here, wishing
to see the bodhisattva in person. Someone who had gained spiritual influence
saw [Avalokiteśvara] Bodhisattva, a majestic and stately figure with a bright
radiance, come out of the image to give him comfort and advice.
In former times, the king of the country of Siṃhala in the South Sea looked
in his mirror one morning but he did not see his own reflection, and instead
saw the image of this bodhisattva in a wood of
tāla
trees on a small hill in
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The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
the country of Magadha in Jambudvīpa. Deeply delighted, the king set out
to seek the image. When he came to this hill he found that the image here
was similar to the one he had seen in his mirror, so he built the temple and
made various offerings to the image. The kings of later times followed his
example and built more temples and shrines beside it; offerings of incense,
flowers, and music were made incessantly.
Going southeast for more than forty
li
from the image of Avalokiteśvara
Bodhisattva on the isolated hill, I reached a monastery with more than fifty
monks, all of whom studied the Hinayana teachings. In front of the monastery
is a great stupa that revealed miraculous signs many times. Formerly the Buddha
preached the Dharma to Brahmā and others at this place for seven days. Beside
it are ruins where the three past buddhas sat and walked back and forth.
Going northeast for more than seventy
li
from the monastery I reached a
big village south of the Ganges River, with a dense population of prosperous
villagers. There are several
deva
temples, all beautifully adorned with engrav-
ings. Not far to the southeast is a great stupa at the place where the Buddha
once preached the Dharma for one night.
Going east from here through mountains and forests for over one hundred
li,
I reached Lāvaṇīla Village. The great stupa in front of the monastery here
was built by King Aśoka. The Buddha once preached the Dharma here for
three months. Two or three
li
to the north of this place is a large lake more
than thirty
li
in circuit with lotus flowers in four colors blooming all four
seasons of the year.
Going east from here through great mountains and forests for more than two
hundred
li,
I reached the country of Īraṇaparvata (in the domain of Central
India).
End of Fascicle IX of
The Great Tang Dynasty
Record of the Western Regions
258
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