nāga
lake. The
nāga
king resumed the form of a brahman and
said again to the king, “I am the
nāga
king of this lake and, out of fear of
your great power, I have come to pledge allegiance to you. May the king
take pity on me and forgive me for the faults I have committed. You are a
king who nourishes and protects all living beings, so why should you do
harm to me alone? If you kill me, we will both fall into the evil ways of exis-
tence, because you will have commited the sin of taking life, while I will
have cherished a feeling of hatred and vengeance in my mind. Karmic ret-
ribution is apparent and shows plainly what is good and what is evil.”
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The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions
The king then reached an agreement with the
nāga
that should the
nāga
commit another offense in the future, the king would certainly not pardon
him. The
nāga
said, “Because of my evil karma done in the past I am now
a
nāga
. As a
nāga
is violent by nature, I am unable to restrain myself and in
a fit of anger I may forget about the obligation. If you build another monastery
I will dare not destroy it again. Please always send a guard to watch the peak
of the mountain. If a black cloud arises he should at once strike an instrument.
When I hear the sound I shall quench my evil mind.” The king then con-
structed another monastery together with a stupa, and a guard was stationed
to watch to see if any black cloud appeared. This is still done without inter-
ruption. I heard some old people say that inside the stupa there was preserved
about one
sheng
of bone and flesh relics of the Tathāgata.
Marvelous events are difficult to relate in detail. Once smoke suddenly
arose from inside the stupa, and in a moment raging flames burst out of it.
The people thought that the stupa must have been consumed by the fire, but
after looking at it for a long time, when the smoke and flames had vanished,
they saw the relics resembling a streamer of white pearls, winding upwards
around an ornamental pillar, up to the clouds and whirling down again.
In Old Royal Monastery on the southern bank of the great river in the
northwest of the royal city is a deciduous tooth of Śākyamuni Bodhisattva
about one inch long. To the southeast of this monastery there is another one,
also called Old Royal Monastery, in which is preserved a piece of the Tathā-
gata’s skull bone about one inch broad, yellowish white in color, with dis-
tinctive hair pores. There is also a hair of the Tathāgata’s head, dark purple
in color, curled up rightward about half an inch long, but when extended it
measures about one foot. These three objects are worshiped with scattering
of flowers by the king and his ministers on the six fast days of every month.
To the southwest of this skull bone monastery is Old Queen’s Monastery,
in which there is a gilt copper stupa more than one hundred feet in height. I
heard some local people say that it contained over one
sheng
of the Buddha’s
relic bones, from which on the night of the fifteenth day of every month emits
a round light shining continuously upon the dew basin of the stupa which
gradually fades into it at dawn.
To the southwest of the city is Pilusāra (“Strong Elephant”) Mountain. It
is called Strong Elephant because the tutelary deity of the mountain assumed
38
Fascicle I
the form of an elephant. Formerly, when the Tathāgata was living in the
world, the deity of Strong Elephant Mountain once invited the World-honored
One and his twelve hundred great arhats to the mountain. There was a large
flat rock on the top of the mountain, where the Tathāgata took his seat and
accepted the alms offered by the deity. Afterward King Aśoka erected a stupa
more than one hundred feet high on the rock. This is what the people now
call Strong Elephant Stupa, and it is also said that about one
sheng
of the
Tathāgata’s relic bones is preserved in it.
Below the cliff to the north of Strong Elephant Stupa is a
nāga
spring,
where the Tathāgata and arhats washed their mouths by chewing willow
twigs after taking the meal offered by the deity. They planted the twigs in
the ground, where they took root and grew into the dense wood that it is now.
Afterward, people built at this place a monastery called Piṇḍaka (“Chewing
Willow Twigs”) Monastery.
From here I traveled east for more than six hundred
li
through mountains
and valleys connected with each other. The peaks and cliffs are steep and
precipitous. After crossing the Black Range I entered the territory of North
India and reached the country of Lampā (in the domain of North India).
End of Fascicle I of
The Great Tang Dynasty
Record of the Western Regions
39
875b
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