The connection of S. with other branches of S. 1

Represented Speech (Non-Personal Direct Speech)
It’s a stylistic device, pecularly combining the features of direct and indirect speech.
It’s a comparatively young styl. device dating its popularity from the end of the last century. The first to speak about it was the Geman scientist Tobler in 1887, who called it “erlebte Reder”. Bahtin, the founder of the polyphonic theory, contributed much to the development of theis theory. He called this new form of rendering smb’s utterance smb’s thoughts “hybrid constructions” and pointed out that boderlines b/w the author’s narration and represented speech are not clearly outlined ambiguous.
The morphological str-re of represented speech is that of indirect speech: the ch-re is refered to as the 3^rd person. Past Ind. is used, but there are features which distinguish it from the author’s narration. They are the syntactical and lexical aspects of text that stand close to the norms and patterns of direct speech:

• 
  the use of interrogative and exclamatory s-ces
  
• 
  ellipses, one-member s-ces, aposiopises, broken, abrupt, logically disconnected s-ces, parcellation
  
• 
  repetitions of all kinds
  
• 
  special w-ds and phrases peculiar to the ch-re’s individual speech
  

This device repeats the fragmentary ch-re of the personage’s flow of thought. It gives an insight into his personality. NPDS brings in the ch-re with his ideas, dreams and statements. The author doesn’t eliminate himself from the narration, but seems to co-exist with the personage.
RS can be divided into:

• 
  represented inner speech
  
• 
  represented uttered speech
  

Represented inner speech enables the writer to give a complete picture of the ch-re’s state of mind as if from within.
In the early 20^th c. European lit-re, the device of RIS gave birth to the so-called “stream-of-consciousness tecnique”, which strives to immitate not the possible working of a human mind in a skillfully organized form, as in RS, but to literary stenograph them.
Represented uttered speech is reproduction of once uttered remark or even a whole dialogue. Ex.1) - So, I’ve come to servant to you
- How much do you want?
- I don’t know. My keep, I suppose.
2) Yes, she could cook. Yes, she could wash. Yes, she could went... She knew
She knew how to shop in a market