The connection of S. with other branches of S. 1

Graphical Means
GM presents a special system of signs and the rules of their use to preserve and convey information for eye-perception. Consequently it may be called a visual code. We refer the pecularities and the styl-ly relevant use of prints (types), the pecularities of paragraphing and arrangement of lines, punctuation and orphography. The main function – is to create emphasis of some important parts of the utterance, to convey emotional colouring, to indicate implication.
Orphography (especially, in l-ges like English) practically doesn’t reproduce phonetic pecularities of speech. That’s why sometimes writers resort to the manner of speech of the personage – graphon.
Graphons – are unusual non-standart spelling of w-ds, showing either deviations from standart English or some pecularity of pronouncing w-ds and phrases emphatically. Kuharenko distinguishes b/w:

• 
  permanent (usual) G;
  
• 
  ocasional G.
  

Permanent or usual G-s represent territorial or social dialect of the speaker and show deviations from standart English.
Ex. ham – [am] in cockney.
Occasional G-s reflect the individual pecularities of speech. They reproduce the physical features, the emphatic ch-re of pronunciation, listing.
There’re many jokes, based on it.
Punctuation – exclamation and interrogation mark, usually signal of some emotion (surprise, pain). The stylistic value of exclamatory marks should be viewed from quantitative action. The repetition of marks is indicative of the emotional tension of the conversation. In the author’s narration the redundant (избыточное) use of the marks is subjective of the text non-personal direct speech.
- dashes may indicate emotional pauses
Ex. Please – not that.
Emotional pauses may also be shown by many dots (suspension marks).
- column is used to introduce a statement; an example to separate two finite clauses,
when
the 2^nd provides an explanation or expansion to what is said in the 1^st. But it also
be used to direct special attention, to make a contrast b/w the two.

• 
  quotation marks are employed to mark ailien “ ”w-ds (foreign w-ds); used to convey irony
  
• 
  capital letters – common names are capitalized in case of personification, creating solemnity, elevation. Sometimes they may be employed to produce a comical effect. Sometimes not only the initial letters, but the whole w-d may be capitalized.
  

Prints and spelling

• 
  italix is used for epigraphs, quatations, foreign w-ds either do denote their strangeness or to stress some importance. Sometimes parts of w-ds are italisized.
  
• 
  bold(жирный) type indicates the additional stress on the emphasized w-ds.