Study Notes management accounting acca f2


Activity ratio / production volume ratio



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

Activity ratio / production volume ratio: 
This ratio measures how the overall production 
compares to planned levels. It compares the number of standard hours equivalent to the actual 
work produced and budgeted hours.
Standard hours for actual output 
x 100
Budgeted hours 


F2 Management Accounting 
Page 29 of 147 
▪ 
Capacity ratio: 
This ratio measures the extent of worker's capacity by their working hour has 
been achieved in a period with the planned labour hours utilization.
Actual hours worked
Budgeted hours 
 x 100
▪ 
Efficiency ratio: 
This ratio measures the efficiency of the labour force by comparing equivalent 
standard hours for product produced and actual hours worked. The benchmark of efficiency is 
100%.
Standard hours for actual output
Actual hours worked
 
x 100
Relationship between the three ratios:
Activity ratio = Efficiency ratio x capacity ratio
Standard hours for actual output = Standard hours per unit x Actual output.
Standards hours per Unit = Budgeted hours ÷ Budgeted units produced
BONUS SCHEME
The basic principle of a bonus payment is that the employee is rewarded for any additional income. It may 
be due to the employee's efficiency on production which helps savings in the cost of production for the 
organization. The bonus payable will depend on the method of payment of the employee and the policy of 
the organization. 
 
Characteristics of bonus schemes are as follows:

 
Employees are paid more for their additional effort 

 
Bonus level is set at a productivity level that is achievable but above normal effort level. The purpose 
being to attract all employees rather than limiting it to a few number of employees. 


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