Study Notes management accounting acca f2



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

Disadvantages
 
▪ Senior managers may resent loss of control 
▪ Bad decisions from inexperienced managers 
▪ Budgets may not be in line with corporate objectives 
▪ Budget preparation is slower and disputes can arise 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 71 of 147 
▪ They may cause managers to introduce budgetary slack and budget bias. 
▪ An earlier start to the budgeting process could be required. 
▪ They can support 'empire building' by subordinates. 
▪ Figures may be subject to bias if junior managers either try to impress or set easily achievable 
targets 
▪ Certain environments may preclude participation, e.g. sales manager may be faced with long-
term contracts already agreed. 
 
Whilst bottom-up is generally seen as preferable, there are situations where top-down is applicable. 

Negotiated style of budgeting: 
A budget in which budget allowances are set largely on the basis of 
negotiations between budget holders and those to whom they report. 
At the two extremes, budgets can be dictated from above or simply emerge from below but, in 
practice, different levels of management often agree budgets by a process of negotiation. In the 
imposed budget approach, operational managers will try to negotiate with senior managers the 
budget targets which they consider to be unreasonable or unrealistic. Likewise senior management 
usually reviews and revises budgets presented to them under a participative approach through a 
process of negotiation with lower level managers.
Final budgets are therefore most likely to lie between what top management would
really like 
and what junior managers believe is feasible. 
The budgeting process is hence a 
bargaining

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