Study Notes management accounting acca f2


process  and it is this bargaining which is of vital importance,  determining whether the budget is an



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

process 
and it is this bargaining which is of vital importance
determining whether the budget is an
effective management tool or simply a clerical device

Budgetary slacks (also called budget padding): 
Budgetary slack is the difference between the 
minimum necessary costs and the costs built into the budget or actually incurred.
 
In the process of budgeting, managers might deliberately overestimate cost and understate sales, so 
that they will not be blamed in the future for overspending and poor results. 
▪ Manager of profit centre might understate budgeted sales and/or overstate budgeted expenditure 
(budgetary slack). 
 
Reasons
▪ Reward systems may be linked to performance compared with budget. This encourages the manager 
to build slack into the budget to maximize personal gain. 
▪ To reduce work related stress by having easier targets. 
▪ “Gaming” – some individuals enjoy trying to beat the system. 
BEHAVIOURAL IMPLICATIONS OF BUDGETING
‘’Used correctly a budgetary control system can 
motivate 
but it can also produce undesirable 
negative 
reactions
.’’ The purpose of a budgetary control system is to assist management in planning and 
controlling the resources of their organization by providing appropriate control information. The 
information will only be valuable, however, if it is interpreted correctly and used purposefully by managers 
and
 
employees. 
Their attitude to control information will colour their views on what they should do with it and a number of 
behavioral problems can arise. 
▪ 
The managers who set the budget or standards are often not the managers who are then made 
responsible for achieving budget targets. 
▪ 
The goals of the organization as a whole, as expressed in a budget, may not coincide with the 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 72 of 147 
personal aspirations of individual managers. 

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