Study Notes management accounting acca f2


Appropriate control actions for cash



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Study Notes MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ACCA F

Appropriate control actions for cash:
Short term surplus: P
ay payables early to obtain discount or make short term investments 
Short term deficit: 
Increase payables, reduce receivables, and arrange an overdraft 
Long term surplus: 
Expand, diversify, replace /update fix assets 
Long term deficit: 
Issue share capital, consider shutdown /divestment opportunities 
The production of this budget in practices and in exam questions will follow a similar pattern: 
▪ Forecast sales 
▪ Identify debtor payment patterns 
▪ Calculate cash receipts 
▪ Produce functional budgets to determine production, materials usage, materials purchases, labor 
requirements, and other costs. 
▪ Calculate cash payments 
▪ Find net cash flow
▪ Calculate surplus /deficit and closing cash balances 


F2 Management Accounting
Page 69 of 147 
FIXED AND FLEXIBLE BUDGETS 

Fixed budget: 
A budget which remains unchanged regardless of activity level is called fixed budget.
 
▪ A fixed budget is prepared based on an estimated production plan at the start of a period. 
▪ It does not give like with like comparison. 
▪ Commonly used in service industries where most costs is fixed. 
▪ It does not give fair performance evaluation. 
▪ Fixed budget is normally prepared for planning purpose. 

Flexible or flex Budgets: 
A budget that flexes the budgeted level of costs and revenues according to 
the level of activity actually achieved. 
▪ 
Budget is initially prepared at the anticipated level of activity. 
▪ 
The budgeted production level and the actual production level may not be the same. 
▪ 
Budgets may need to be adjusted to reflect the actual production level 
▪ 
The new budget, flexed to the actual production level is called the flexed budget. 
▪ 
The budget prepared on different activity levels is called flexible budget. 
▪ 
For variance reporting, actual costs are compared with the flexed budget for the same volume of 
production and sales. 
▪ 
Variance can be either 

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