Scientific Collection «InterConf», (39): with the Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference «Science and Practice: Implementation to Modern Society» (December 26-28, 2020) at Manchester, Great Britain

Keywords: consciousness, information, knowledge, living being, reflection, sign, 
subjective need. 
The famous scientist L. Brillouin, aiming in [1] to give “ a precise, scientific 
definition of the word ‘information’ ”, made an interesting reservation: “This will, of 
course, be different from the current meaning of the word, and the reader should, from 

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 SCIENCE AND PRACTICE: IMPLEMENTATION TO MODERN SOCIETY
665 
now on, keep in mind the fact that our information theory is not dealing with 
journalistic, or any other common kind of information, but only with the quantities 
mathematically defined hereinafter”. 
With these words, the author simultaneously demonstrates to the reader his two 
intentions: 

to borrow for his purposes the word “information”, which has a certain, 
familiar, established meaning for the reader; 

to give a “scientific definition” of the borrowed word. 
The very idea of borrowing a word that already has a certain meaning to give it a 
different meaning seems highly questionable, as it directly leads to the splitting of the 
consciousness of this word’s users. 
But no less questionable is the idea of movement from the word to its “scientific” 
meaning, because the direction of this movement is the opposite of natural movement 
- from a clearly defined meaning (essence) to the word that denotes it. 
Why does a scientific understanding of a word necessarily (“of course”?!) be 
different from its usual understanding? 
Whatever it was, we can assume that L. Brillouin in his statement suggests the 
idea of scientific consideration of this “common kind of information”. 
So, here we are talking about “common kind of information”, “journalistic” 
inclusive, which we will hereinafter simply call information. Unlike “scientific” 
information, the consideration of which in [1] begins with thermodynamics and 
sometimes comes to the point that it begins to look even the basis of Being (remember 
“It from bit” by JA Wheeler [2]), we will begin our consideration of information from 
the concept of a “living being” (“creature”) - see Fig. 1, where the living being is 
schematically represented in the environment. Accordingly, its internal reality and the 
reality external to it (environment) differ. 
In the internal reality there is a difference between the process of perception 
carried out by the senses and the process of action carried out by the organs of action. 
Perception and action are linked by a reaction process. 

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SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION «INTERCONF» | № 3(39)
666 
External reality has an impact on the internal reality. 
Internal reality has an impact on both external reality and itself. 
The process of perception takes into account the influences of external and 
internal realities. 
Perception and action are linked by a reaction process.