Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
Kuznetsova (2006) contrasts between students’ knowledge, abil-
ities, and skills acquired in secondary schools and the system of
knowledge, abilities, and skills that are indispensable for successful
study in college. The aim of her work, therefore, is to achieve some
unity in education. Her study relies largely on educational materials
from so-called preparatory studies departments which prepare foreign
students for entering college. Criticizing existing textbooks for logical
and methodological gaps, she presents a number of ideas, such as
the importance of integrating different kinds of subject knowledge,
the importance of historical and logical unity in education, as well
as the importance of combining a broad-view approach with an
algorithm-based approach. She proposes a “dynamic model of the
educational process in … the preparatory studies department” (p. 41)
and specifically examines a special goal-directed function with such
parameters as I
1
— the teacher’s interest in the process of teaching;
I
2
— the students’ interest; and many others (pp. 34–35). The expected
pedagogical effects of her program have been tested in an experi-
mental course designed in accordance with her general theoretical
propositions.
The issue of reinforcing acquired knowledge, related to the issues
examined above, is the focus of Imranov’s (1996) dissertation. This
study, which draws on material from Azerbaijan, devotes considerable
attention to analyzing the existing literature on the subject, as well
as, for example, discussing methods to reinforce knowledge such as
independent projects. According to the author, he has developed a
new methodology for reinforcing knowledge.
The work of Kozlovska (2004), which draws on Polish materials,
is aimed at “developing a pedagogical foundation for assessing and
prognosticating students’ educational achievements in mathematics”
(p. 3). Relying on observational data, she argues that ordinary school
grades are subjective. As a supplementary technique, she proposes the
use of testing methodologies that were new to the countries of the
former socialist bloc. Kozlovska discusses in detail the methodology of
constructing and applying tests. She provides interesting data about
students’ results, on the basis of which she argues that there are
significant differences between grades received in basic schools and
March 9, 2011
15:4
9in x 6in
Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
b1073-ch10
On Mathematics Education Research in Russia
437
in lyceums (the next educational institution, corresponding to high
schools), and also that students’ grades remain more stable in higher
grades.
The work of Episheva (1999) is devoted to organizing mathematics
education in a way that is oriented around helping students to form
skills associated with learning activities. She identifies four groups
of such skills: general educational skills, general mathematical skills,
specialized skills in different mathematical disciplines, and specific
skills formed in association with specific topics. General educa-
tional skills include memory organization skills, skills connected with
independently working with the textbook, speech development skills,
and so on. In Episheva’s view, along with strictly mathematical content,
educational material must include the description of activities that
aim to teach this mathematical content (p. 36). The stages of the
educational process must correspond to the stages of the formation
of skills related to learning activity. Based on this point of view,
Episheva constructs a general conception of a methodological system
of education, allocating a place in it to preparing teachers who approach
teaching in accordance with this conception.
We conclude this section with the dissertation of Smykovskaya
(2002), which is devoted no longer directly to students, but to the
work of the teacher. More precisely, she studies the development of
the teacher’s methodological system, which includes the teacher’s aims,
methodological style, and organizational formats. The formation of
such a system is a multistage process, which begins during the first
years of study at a pedagogical college and continues for the duration
of the teacher’s pedagogical career, including such stages as grasping
the achievements of other teachers who are masters of the peda-
gogical art, forming a methodological toolkit, defining problematic
points in the functioning of the system, remapping the system when
encountering changes in conditions for its implementation, and so
on. Smykovskaya’s study is largely theoretical, but it also includes
experimental work, which allows her to draw such conclusions as the
following: “The type of the methodological system [developed] by
the teacher depends directly on the pedagogical toolkit used by the
teacher” (p. 23).
March 9, 2011
15:4
9in x 6in
Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
b1073-ch10
438
Russian Mathematics Education: Programs and Practices
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |