Qarshi davlat universiteti ingliz filologiyasi fakultetlararo ingliz tili

RULE: O’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan, bajarilib o’tgan haqiqiy holatning teskarisi faraz qilinadi:
Truth – haqiqiy holat: She didn’t study hard enough, so she didn’t pass the test. – U yetarlicha tayyorgarlik ko’rmadi, shuning o’chun imtihondan o’tmadi.
Conditional - faraz: If she had studied hard enough, she would have passed the test. – Agar u yetarlicha tayyorgarlik ko’rganda edi, imtihondan o’tgan bo’lar edi.
Truth – haqiqiy holat: She didn’t hear the alarm ring, so she was late for work. – U budulnik qo’ng’iroq chalganini eshitmadi, shuning uchun ishga kechikib keldi.
Conditional - faraz: If she had heard the alarm ring, she wouldn’t have been late for work. – Agar u budilnik qo’ng’iroq chalganini eshitganda edi, ishga kechimagan bo’lar edi.
Truth – haqiqiy holat: She didn’t warn me about the boiling kettle, so I burnt myself. – U meni qaynab turgan qozon haqida ogohlantirmadi, shuning uchun men kuyib qoldim.
Conditional - faraz: If she had warned me about the boiling kettle, I wouldn’t have burnt myself. – Agar u meni qaynab turgan qozon haqida ogohlantirganda edi, men kuyib qolmagan bo’lar edim.
NOTE: Gapning asosiy qismida quyidagi o’zgarishlar kuzatiladi:
a) Gapning If qatnashgan qismida the Past Perfect, asosiy qismida esa would have done yoki would have been doing ishlatiladi. Bu holatda thePast Simple tense, the Past Continuous tense da bajariladigan, sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlarning teskarisi faraz qilinadi. Would have done – the Past Simple tense ning o’rniga, would have been doing – the Past Continuous tense ning o’rniga ishlatiladi:
Model: If + Subject + Past Perfect, Subject + would have done + D
If + Subject + Past Perfect, Subject + would have been doing + D
Truth – haqiqiy holat: She didn’t work regularly, so she didn’t finish the project in time. – U bir zaylda ishlamadi, shuning uchun proyektni o’z vaqtida tugatmadi.