Ekskursiyada (sayohatda) tevarak-atrofni kuzatish va (ug'at ishi.
Tar bi ya ch i „ D a s t u r “ tal abl ar i asosi da bolalar b i lan b o g ' c h a d a n
t a s hq ar i g a s ay oh a tl a r u y us h t i ra d i : b o g ‘ch a ga y a q i n k o kch a !a r ga ,
o z i q - o v q a t , s a b z a v o t d o kk o n l a r i g a , x i y o b o n v a b o g kl a r g a ,
k u t u b x o n a va tikuv u s t a x o n a s i g a va b o s h q a j o y l a r g a . B u n d a y
s a y o h a t l a r d a n m a q s a d b i l i m l a r n i pu x ta e ga l l as h va k o ' r g a n ,
k u z a t g a n v o q e a , h o d i s a l a r n i u z o q vaqt x ot i ra d a saql ash, s o ‘z
b o y l i g i n i o s h i r i s h d a n i b o r a t d i r . S a y o h a t v a q t i d a t a r b i y a c h i
b o l a l a r n i n g t e v a r a k - a t r o f v a i jt i moi y hayot hodi s al ari t o ‘g krisidagi
t a s a v v u r l a r i n i ani ql ash v a kenga yt i ri s h bilan b i r v a q t d a ul ar ni ng
l u g ‘a t i n i b oyi tadi , a n i q l ay d i , t afakkuri ni rivojlantiradi. S a y oh a t
v a q t i d a ya n g i b i l i m l a r n i g i n a b e r i b q o l m a s d a n , balki bol al arga
i l g a r i d a n t a n i s h va m a ’I u m boMgan s o ‘z l a r n i n g a h a m i y a t i n i
a n i q l a s h , d o i m o es hi ti b t u r a d i g a n , h a t t o o ‘zlari i s hl at ad i gan .
s o ‘z l a r n i a n i q p r e d m e t l a r ( b u y u m l a r ) b i lan b o g ‘l as h u c h u n
q u l a y i m k o n i y a t l a r yar at i ladi. Bol al arni ng oi gan bilimlari puxt a
b o ‘lishi v a l ug‘atini b oy i ti b bo r i s h i u c h u n bi r o b y ek t g a u yu s h -
t i r i l ga n s a y o h a t yi lni ng turli fasllarida t akr or la ni b turi l adi , ya' ni
q a y t a - q a y t a s a y o ha t u y us ht i r i l a di . T a kr or l as h b i l iml ar ni p u x ta
e g a l l a s h n i n g asosiy m a n b a y i d i r . Bir obyekt ni turli s har oi t lar da
k u z a t i s h ha q i q a t n i i d r o k q i li s hga o ‘rgatadi, b o l al a r d a faol qizi-
q i s h n i o ‘stiradi, s o ‘z boyl i gini o shi ra di , t asavvurlarini o yd i n i as h -
t i ra d i v a t ar t ibga kel tiradi; ilgari k o ‘rganlarini t ez esga t ushi radi ;
y a n g i - y a n g i t aa s sur ot l ar ga e g a bo' l adi ; iigari k o ‘rganlari bilan
y a n g i k o krib t ur ganl ar i ni t a q q o s l a y oladilar, h o d i s a l a r o' r tasidagi
o ‘z a r o b og' li ql ik ni yengillik b i l a n ani ql ay ol ishga o ‘rganadilar.
M a s a l a n : k at t a g u r u h b o l a l a r i bi l an y i l ni ng t urli fasl va
k u n l a r i d a m a k t a b g a s a y o h a t uyushtirish: I) m a k t a b hovlisi va
b i n o s i n i t a s h q i t o m o n d a n k u z a t i s h ; 2) kuz fa sl i da, t an a f fu s
v a q t i d a b a ' z i o ‘q u vc h i l a r n i n g q u v n o q o ' y n a b yu r g an i ni , ba' zi larni
k i t o b o ' q i b t u r g a n i n i , b o s h q a l a r i n i n g esa y a n g i o kt q a z i l g a n
k o ‘c h a t n i k o ‘r i shayot gani ni kuzat i s h; 3) b a b o r faslida k i chki nt ov
o ‘q u v c h i l a r n i n g m a k t a b d a n u y g a q a y t i s h a y o t g a n i n i kuza t i sh.
S h u n i n g d e k , b o g ‘n i n g o ‘z i g a y i l n in g turli f asll ar i da: q i s h da ,
b a h o r d a , y oz d a , k u z d a s a y o h a t l a r uyushtiriladi:
a ) k u z d a b a r gl a rni ng t o ‘kilishini, b o g ' n i n g b o ks h a b qol i shini ,
h a s h a r o t l a r n i n g y a s hi ri ni sh i ni , q us hl a r ni n g u c h i b kctishini, gul
v a o ‘t l a r n i n g quri shi ni , j imj i t l i k h u k m surishini kuzatadi lar;
b ) q i s h d a d a r a x t l a r , g u l p u s h t a l a r i , y oMa kl ar q o r b il an
q o p l a n g a n l i g i n i , b o g ‘n i n g c h i r o y i n i kuzatadilar;
d )
b a h o r d a t abi at ni ng u y g ‘oni shi ni, kunl ar ilishi bilan daraxt-
l a r n i n g k ur t a k chiqarishi, gul l as hi , barg yozishi, o ‘t - o ‘l anlarning
k o ‘kar ishi , q ush l ar n i ng u c h i b kelishi va s h o ‘x ovozl ar i ni ng eshi-
t i l i b t u r i s h i , h a s h a r o t l a r n i n g p a y d o b o ‘lishi va h o k a z o l a r n i
k o ‘r a dil ar;
e) y o z d a bog' m e v a l a r i n i n g pishishi, a y r i m s a b z a v o t l a r n i n g
v e r ost i da meva tugishi va pi shishi (kartoshka, sabzi) v a boshqal arni
k u za t a d i la r .
B u n d a y t akroriy s a y o h a t l a r uyus ht iri sh n a t i j a s i d a b oi al ar da
t ab i at haqi dagi bi l im l ar n i ng b i r b u t u n t i zi mi p a y d o b o ' l a d i . N a t i -
j a d a n u tq la r i rivojlanib, j u d a s o ‘z a m o l b o klib ke t a di l ar .
S a y o h a t n i t a s h k i l e t i s h d a t a r b i y a c h i n i n g a s o s i y vaz i f as i
b o l a l a r n i n g bilim doi ras i ni va l ug‘atini b o y i t i s h ishi bi langi na
c h e g a r a l a n m a s d a n , balki t e v a r a k - a t r o f g a t o ‘g ‘ri m u n o s a b a t n i :
k a t t al ar n i ng m eh n a t i n i q a d r l a s h , b u y u m l a r g a e h t i y o t k o r l i k bilan
m u n o s o b a t d a bo' l i sh, t o z a l i k k a , s a r a n j o m - s a r i s h t a l i k k a o ‘rganish,
o n a - V a t a n g a , o n a - t a b i a t c h i r o y i g a m e h r - m u h a b b a t n i tarbi yalash;
hayvonl arga» o ‘si mli k d u n y o s i g a e h t i yo t k o r l i k m u n o s a b a t l a r i n i
h a m t arbi ya l a b borishi k e r a k .
S a y o ha t va k o ‘z da n k ec h ir i sh l a r n i tashkil e t i s h d a t arbi ya chi
quyi dagi qoi dal ar ga rioya qilishi kerak:
a) sa y oh a t va k u z a ti s hl ar n i s h u n d a y t as hki l qi l ish kerakki,
u b o i a l a r d a qiziqish uy g‘o t s i n . Bolalardagi q i z i q i s h k u z a t i s hn i n g
a n i q va i d r o kn in g c h u q u r boMishiga olib b or a di ;
b) h a r bi r s a y o ha t va k u z a t i s h l a r u c h u n u n c h a k a t t a va k o kp
b o l m a g a n obyekt l ar ni t a n l a s h kerak;
d ) b o l al a r n in g d i q q a t i ni j u d a k o ‘p batafsil i z o h l a r g a tort i sh
y a r a m a y d i , aks h o l da t a r b i y a c h i n i n g o l d i n d a n b e l gi la b q o ' yi lg an
n a r s a l a r h aq i d a t u s h u n c h a b e r is h i m k o n i c h e k l a n a d i , bo l a l ar
di qq at i c h a l g l y d i va u l ar t e z c h a r c h a b q o la di la r ;
e) k u z a ti s h v aq t i d a b o l a l a r i d r o k i n i n g f a o l l a s h i s h i n i t a ’-
m i n l a s h kerak: t a r b i y a c h i s a v o l l a r b e r a d i , b o l a l a r cs a j a v o b
b e r i s h a d i ; n a r s a n i u s h l a b k o ‘ri shga, a g a r n i u m k i n b o ‘lsa, u
b i l an o kynash ga ruxsat et i l adi .
S a y o h a t d a g i k uz a ti s h v a q t i d a b o i a l a r d a t u s h u n c h a l a r n i n g
a n i q boMishi u c h u n u l a r n i n g h a r a k a t l a r i d a n f o y d a l a n i s h j u d a
m u h i m a h a m i y a t kasb et ad i .
M as a l a n , yuk m a s h i n a s i n i n g kattaligini k o ' r g a z m a l i t asavvur
qilishlari u c h u n bol al ar b i r - b i r l a r i n i n g q o l l a r i d a n us h l a b , yuk
m a s h i n a s i n i n g atrofini o ‘r a b ol i shadi ; g ki l d i r a kl a r i n i n g b a l andl i-
gini belgilash u c h u n e s a g ki ldi r ak yoni ga t uri b, q o ‘llarini yuqor i ga
k o ‘t ari b, m as h i n a kuzovi ga y e t k a z i s hg a h a r a k a t q i l ad i l a r ; u zun l i-
gini ani ql as h u c h u n m a s h i n a n i n g uzunligiga q a r a b h a m m a b o
l a l a r b i r g a l i k d a q oMI a ri ni y o n t o m o n g a c h o ‘z i b t u r i s h a d i ;
h a y d o v c h i n i n g q a y e r g a o ‘t i r i s h i n i , n i a s h i n a n i q a n d a y b o s h -
qar is hi n i a n i q l a s h u c h u n k a b i n a g a chi q i b o ' ti ri s hadi : mas hi nn
h a y d o v c h i s i y o l o v c h i l a r n i o go h l a nt i ri s hi u c h u n signal berishini
c h u q u r i d r o k etishlari u c h u n signal berishadi, B u n d a y h ar akat ni
s h a x s a n b o l a l a r n i n g o ‘zlari baj ari shl ari natijasida quyi dagi s o lz-
larni bi l ib ol adi l ar:
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |