yurdi, ketdi,
kirdi, keîdi.
S o kngra b o l a l a r d a n bu so'zlarga
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‘xshash y a n a q a n d a y
s o ‘zlarni a y tish n iu m k in , d e b s o 'r a y d i
(yetdi, o'tcii, uzoqtashdi,
tushdi, chiqdi) ,
b u s o ‘zlar i s h t ir o k id a h a m g a p la r tu z d ira d i.
S u h b a td a o ‘rgatish va tarb iy ala sh usullari
S u h b a t d a asosiy o 'rg a tis h usuli s a v o lla r berishdir. M a z m u n i
va shakli j i h a t d a n h a r xil n u i r a k k a b l ik k a ega bcVlgan s a v o l la r d a n
fo y da la nila di. A y n iq s a, b o la la r d a n x u l o s a c h iq a r ish n i, m u h o k a m a
q ilishni, o b y c k t l a r o ‘rtasidagi b o g l a n i s h l a r n i a n iq la s h n i t a l a b
etuvchi s a v o lla r j u d a m u h i m a h a m i y a t g a egadir. S h u n i n g d e k ,
o b yektlarni taq q o slash n i talab e tu v c h i sav o llar h a m o ‘z q i m m a t i g a
ega. M asa la n : T r a m v a y t r o l l e y b u s d a n n im a s i bilan farq q i l a d i ?
Qaysi s a b z a v o tla rn i xom lig ich a , q a y s ila rin i pishirilgan, q a y s ila rin i
qo v u rilg an h o l d a yeym iz?
B a h o lo v c h i savollar b o la la r n i fa o lla sh tiris h g a y o r d a m b e r a d i .
M a s a la n , s u y u q o v q a tn in g tu r la r i h a q i d a g i savollarga d a s t l a b
j a v o b b e r u v c h il a r j u d a ko‘p b o l a d i . B i r o q o v q a tn in g 3 — 4 t u r i n i
a y t i s h g a c h , b o l a l a r a y tilg a n s u y u q o v q a t x i lla rin i t a k r o r l a y
b o s h la s h a d i: m a s t a v a , m o s h x o ‘rd a , k a r a m s h o 'r v a . Bu h o l d a
tarbiyachi savolni b o s h q a c h a s h a k ld a b e rg a n i m a 'q u l. K im g a q aysi
suy u q o v q a t k o ‘p r o q yoqadi? Y a n a j u d a k o ‘p b o la la r j a v o b b e r i s h
u c h u n q o l k o 't a r i s h a d i : m a k a r o n s h o ' r v a , n o ‘xat s h o ' r v a ,
q o v u rm a s h o ‘rva va hokazo.
B olalarga o n a tilini o kr g a t i s h d a , l u g 'a t i n i f a o ll a s h t i r i s h d a
s u h b a tn i n g a h a m i y a ti j u d a katta. S u h b a t d a lu g ‘at ish in in g t u rli
usullaridan fo yda la nish m um k in . T a r b iy a c h i n i n g ayrim s o 'z l a r n i n g
a h a m i y a t i n i ( b a ’z a n kelib c h i q i s h i n i h a m ) t u s h u n t ir is h i j u d a
m u h i m . M a s a la n , o z iq -o v q a tla r h a q i d a g i m a s h g ‘u lo ln in g b o r i s h i
j a r a y o n i d a t a r b i y a c h i s h u n d a y t u s h u n t i r a d i : „ H a , b u o z i q -
o v q a tla r m u z l a t g i c h d a saq lan a d i. U l a r g a sovuq jo y kerak. U l a r
a y n ib q o lm as lig i u c h u n m u z l a t g i c h d a s a q l a n a d i “ . MT o ‘g ‘ri, b u
m axsus x o n a , u „ o m b o r x o n a “ d e b a t a l a d i. O m b o r x o n a d a o z i q -
o v q a tla r s a q la n a d i. „ O m b o r x o n a “ s o 'z i n i e s d a s a q la n g “ . L u g ‘a t
ishida s o ‘z la r n i
ta rb iy a c h i b i l a n b i r g a l i k d a j o ‘r (x o r) b o ' l i b
t a k r o r la s h d a n fo y d a la n ila d i. S h u n i n g d e k , y angi yoki t a l a f f u z i
qiyin s o ‘zla rn i ( m o to ro lle r, tr o lle y b u s , t i p r a ti k a n va b o s h q a l a r )
t a k r o r la s h m u m k i n .
M a s h g ‘u l o t d a b o lalarn in g faol is h t i r o k etishlarini t a ’m i n l a s h
u c h u n u la rn i tarb iy a c h ig a va o kz o ‘r to q l a r i g a savollar b e r i s h g a
o ‘rg a tis h k e r a k . C h u n k i b o l a l a r n i n g s a v o l b e r is h i u l a r n i n g
d iq q a t i n i b a r q a r o r l a s h t i r a d i , q i z i q u v c h a n l i g i n i , s i n c h k o v l i g i n i
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‘stiradi. B u n in g u c h u n ta rb iy a c h i s u h b a t j a r a y o n i d a bo lalard a
p a y d o boMgan s a v o l l a r g a k a tta e ' t i b o r b e r is h i kerak. U la r n i
r a g 'b a tla n tiris h i, k u z a tu v c h a n li k la r i , q iz iq u v c h a n lik la r in i t a 'k id -
lab o ‘tishi lozim .
T a rb iy a c h i b o la l a r n i savollarga so 'z la r yoki j u m l a l a r b ilangina
ja v o b berishga o ‘rg a tib q o l m a y , balki o ‘z fikrini k engroq bayon
etish g a h a m o ‘rgatib b o r a d i. B uning u c h u n b ir-b irig a b o g ‘langan
2 — 3 ta savol b e r is h u su lid a n fo y d a la n ad i. M asalan: Bizning
y e c h i n i s h x o n a m i z h a q i d a g a p irib b c r . U q a n d a y ? G u r u h
x o n a s i d a n n i m a b i l a n fa rq qiladi? U y e r d a q a n d a y jih o z l a r b o r
va u lar n i m a u c h u n k era k ?
B olalar flkrining toMiq emasligi ko‘rs a tm a berish ni talab etadi:
k e n g ro q gapirib ber; o lz in g esla va h am m asi h a q id a gapirib bcr va
b o sh q a la r . S u h b a t d a o ‘y in va en io tsio n al x a ra k te rd a g i usu llard an
f o y d a l a n i s h h a m y a x s h i n a t i j a l a r b e r a d i : s o ‘z o ‘y i n l a r i ,
„ S h u n d a y m i yoki s h u n d a y e m a s m i ? “ , „ M a s x a r a b o z o 'r g a n y a p t i “
shaklidagi o ‘y in - m a s h q l a r i , to p is h m o q ia r, m u s iq a tinglash, badiiy
a s a rla rn i o kqib b e r is h , T a r b iy a c h i deyarli b a r c h a s u h b a t m a s h -
g ‘u lo tla rid a k o ‘rg a z m a li q u ro lla rd a n fo y d a la n a d i. U n in g m a q sa -
di — b o l a l a r d i q q a t i n i t o 'p l a s h g a y o r d a m b e r i s h , b i l í m la rin i
a n iq la s h va b o y itis h , tu rli xi! a n a liz a to rla r ish tiro k id a s u h b a td a
i s h t i r o k e t i s h ni y e n g i l l a s h t i r i s h . S u h b a t m a s h g ‘u l o t i d a
fo y d a la n ila d ig a n b u y u m l a r (m a tc ria lla r) x a ra k te ri j i h a t id a n j u d a
x i l m a - x i l . M a s a l a n , b u y u m l a r n i n g asli ( o ‘z i), o 'y i n c h o q l a r ,
s u r a tl a r ( r a s m la r), yirik s u ra tla r yoki illustratsiyalar (tasvirlar),
a m a l i y s a n ’at j i h o z l a r i . S u h b a tn in g kirish q is m id a fo y d a la n ila d i
g a n k o ‘rg a z m a li q u r o l b o l a l a r d iq q a tin i t o 'p l a s h g a . u l a r n i n g
bilim larin i j o n l a n t i r i s h g a (ba y ran i t o ‘g ‘risidagi s u h b a t d a bay ram
jih o z la ri, b o la ia r n in g uydagi hayotlari h aqidagi s u h b a td a „ O ila d a “
n o m li sura t) y o r d a m b e ra d i.
M a s h g ' u J o i n i n g b o r i s h i d a f o y d a l a n i l a d i g a n k o 'r g a z m a l i
q u r o l d a n b o l a i a r n i n g b ilim in i aniqlash.
d iq q a t in i faollashtirish,
m a s h g ‘u lo tn in g o x irid a e sa en iotsional kayfiyatni vujudga kcltirish
m a q sa d id a foy d a la n ila d i.
T a ’limiy o ‘y in la r va ularning bolalar s o ‘/la shuv nutqini o 's ti-
rishdagi ahamiyati.
K ic h ik g u ru h lard a bolalarn i so 'z la sh u v nutqiga
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‘rgatishda m a s h g 'u l o t n in g o 'y in shaklidan foydalaniladi. Bu m ash-
g ‘ulo t tu rig a b o l a i a r n i n g n u tq faolligi (savollarga ja v o b berishi)
asosiy o ‘rin n i e g a lla y d i. T a ’lim iy o 'y i n l a r k o ‘p r o q q o ‘g ‘irc h o q la r
b ilan olib borilib, b l i n d a ta rb iy a c h i qo*g‘i r c h o q is h tirokida lincha
k a t t a b o i m a g a n i n s s e n i r o v k a n i o ' y n a y d i . m a s a l a n : y a n g i
q o kg ‘irc h o q b ila n u c h r a s h u v , q o ‘g ‘i r c h o q o s h p a z va h o k a z o la r .
Q o ‘g ‘ir c h o q l a r b i l a n birga o ‘t k a z i l a d i g a n t a 'l i m i y o ky i n l a r d a
ta rbiya chi b o l a l a r bilan q o ‘g ‘irc h o q n o m i d a n s o 'z la s h a d i, y a ' n i
bolalarga s avollar b erad i, o 'z i savol b e r i b , o ‘zi ja v o b q a y ta r a d i.
S o ‘z la s h u v n in g b u n d a y shakli b o l a l a r q iz i q i s h in i o sh irad i, n u t -
q in i f a o lla s h tira d i. B o la la r t a r b i y a c h i n i n g h a r b i r h a r a k a t i n i
z o ‘r qiziqish b ila n k u z a ta d ila r, t u s h u n t i r i s h l a r i n i , savollarini v a
j a v o b la rin i d iq q a t b ila n tin g la y d ila r v a o 'z l a r i h a m s avollar b e -
rishga h a ra k a t qiladilar.
Misol tariqasida „ Q o 'g l r c h o q o s h p a z ishlayapti" (5 yoshli b o
lalar bilan) t a ’limiy o'yin m a s h g ‘u lo tin in g n a m u n a s in i kcltiram iz.
Stol ustida q o ‘g ‘irchoq oshpaz, o s h x o n a idish-tovoqlarining t o ‘p -
lami, o ‘y in c h o q gaz plitasi, „ o z iq - o v q a t“ q o ‘yilgan stol.
T a r b i y a c h i : Bolalar, bizga S h u h r a t ismli yangi o s h p a z
k e l d i. U y a q i n d a o s h p a z l a r t a y y o r l a y d i g a n b i l i m y u r t i n i
( m a k ta b in i) b itir g a n , unin g hali ish ta jrib a si y o kq. U n g a s i z n i n g
y o rd a m in g iz k erak . M en o s h p a z S h u h r a t n o m i d a n g a p i r a m a n v a
ishlarni b a j a r a m a n , sizlar esa, ag a r m e n x a to q ils a m t u z a ta s iz la r,
siz xato qilsangiz, o sh p a z tu z a ta d i. T u s h u n a r l i m i ?
O s h p a z
S h u h r a t (ta r b iy a c h i). S iz la rg a s a b z a v o tl a r d a n
q a n d a y o v q a t ta y y o rla b b eray?
V a 1 i . Sabzili kotlet... S huhrat aka, siz sabzili kotlctni qovuring.
O s h p a z S h u h r a t . Y axshi. H o z i r m e n sabzili k o t l e t
t a y y o r l a y m a n : a v v a l g o ‘s h t n i o l a m a n . . . G o ‘s h t n i ? ( o s h p a z
S h u h r a t n i n g x a to sin i b o la la r t o ‘g ‘rila sh i u c h u n
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |