Theory of Translation 1 Introduction

2.13.4 Stylistic Base of Translation 
The literary texts are characterized by special techniques and rhetorical effects, as 
compared with nonliterary texts. The translator has to be aware about the literary 
effects created by the author through the use of literary language. The principle issue 
for a translator is the empirical test of his successfully dealing with the text in various 
social and functional situations both in the SL and TL. It is a trial of his competence 
and performance on both linguistic and communicative levels. 
2.13.4.1 Style: Definition
It is assumed that the literary texts have an ‘added value’, carried by various resources 
of language. This added value concerns with the style of the test. Traditionally, ‘style’ 
is defined as the manner of expression in prose or verse: 
The style specific to a particular work or writer ... has been analyzed in such 
diverse terms as the rhetorical situation and aim, the characteristic 
diction
or 
choice of words; the type of sentence structure and 
syntax
; and the density and 
kinds of 
figurative language
(Abrams, 384, emphasis in original). 
So, style is observed as the way of expression. However, Abrams et al show that it 
can be seen in the choice of words, the structure and the peculiar figurative language 
used by the writer. In the recent researches, style has been defined in different ways in 
the light of pragmatics and other disciplines. However, primarily, style is regarded as 
the ‘manner of expression’ in prose or verse. 

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2.13.4.2 Literary Texts
The literary texts marked by style are fictional and canonical. By using poetic 
language, a literary writer focuses on an expression of emotions, implicit meanings 
and deviations. Jones aptly emphasizes their ‘affective/aesthetic’ function: 
They have a written base form, though they may also be spoken; they enjoy 
canonicity (high social prestige); they fulfill an affective/aesthetic rather than 
transactional or informational function aiming to provoke emotions and/or 
entertain rather than influence or inform; … they are characterized by poetic 
language use … and heteroglossia (p. 152). 
It implies that literary texts are composed to influence rather than to inform. They are 
intended to create an aesthetic effect in the mind of the readers. The selected words or 
expressions seldom have real world meanings. The ‘difference’ in the language used, 
i.e. the choice of words, their ordering, and use of various devices marks the ‘style’ of 
the particular writer.