Theory of Translation 1 Introduction


(II) Individual Style: Epstein’s View



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08 chapter 2

(II) Individual Style: Epstein’s View 
In a broad view, style is looked at as the ‘way’ or ‘manner’ of doing something. M. H. 
Abrams et al define style to be “the manner of linguistic expression in prose or verse-
as how speakers or writers say whatever it is that they say” (p. 384). Thus, style is 
derived from two fundamental notions of ‘what and how’, says Epstein. He 
elaborates:
The notions of some sort of base and of some sort of variation from the base … 
Style as a process of interpretation underlies surface distinctions such as content 
and ornament. It is more abstract, a sort of Gestalt schema by which the 
memory records and indexes its information in terms of what and how (p. 4). 
So, Epstein classifies two dimensions defining style by giving an example as follows: 
Identificative dimension (what)
Stylish dimension (how) 
Playing tennis
showing characteristic manner of
playing tennis 
The schematic application above, when further applied, extends to the style perceived 
as that of an individual style. Epstein comments, “The end of the schematic 
application is the recognition of a human being, an Other, one outside your own 
perception of the universe” (Epstein, 19). 
Further, Epstein cites Richard Ohmann who puts forward a hypothesis that personal 
literary style can be described, at least in part, by “examination of the characteristic 
idiosyncratic choice of syntactic structures employed by the author” (qtd. in Epstein 
19). He takes a passage from D. H. Lawrence’s novel and analyses the elision in it. In 


91 
addition, many aspects of descriptive linguistics like graphemics, phonology, syntax, 
semantics, rhetoric and many other are capable of distinguishing style (21). 
2.13.4.6 Stylistics: Its Key Aspects 
In the recent past, the stylistic studies are no more just ‘subjective’ studies or the 
studies of the individual styles. Stylistic studies now focus on insights from 
pragmatics and cultural studies. In this new light, Thornborrow and Wareing identify 
three key aspects of stylistics: 
(a)
the use of linguistics to approach literary texts; 
(b)
the discussion of texts according to objective criteria rather than purely 
subjective impressionistic values; 
(c)
an emphasis on the aesthetic properties of language (for example, the way 
rhyme can give pleasure) (p. 4). 

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