Ключевые слова:
мобильное обучение, электронное обучение, адаптивное
обучение, ИКТ в образовании, инновационные методы обучения.
In the age of rapidly advancing technologies, every sphere of our life is experiencing
tremendous changes, without any hesitation it can be stated that educational sphere is one
of them. Being the branch of a greatest importance in both developed and developing
countries, education is continuing to gain the weight of essence, as it highly contributes to
countries further and gradual development. As the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan
argued, nowadays we must pay a substantial attention to human capital and make every
effort to do so. The decree of the president dated in April of 20th, 2017y. №PP-2909 “On
measures for further development of the higher education system” has contributed to
drastic changes in country’s educational section. According to the decree, a number of
objectives leading to the prosperity of tertiary education were inputted. These objectives
are:
Using new pedagogical technologies and methods in educational institution’s
programs and curricula
Qualitatively renewing of scientific and practical process of the magistracy
Producing new generation textbooks, then supplying the wide use of up-to-date
textbooks in teaching-learning procedure
Providing entire university educations with contemporary educational, methodical and
scientific literature (ex. Obtaining and translating foreign literature)
Renewing information resource centers on a regular basis
In today’s information technology age, many problems are efficiently being resolved
by the virtue of information resources. With consistent introduction of useful and useable
IT increasing the productivity in each brand it applied. In particular, there are a number of
challenges in the effective implementation of the education system, as it is known that there
are three main stages of development of information technology. Phase 1 involves the
computerization and automation of processes (including ARM, ERP, CAD, ASU, etc.) and the
establishment of wired and wireless, optical communications, while Phase 2 includes online
platforms (search engines, distance learning, social networks) cloud and virtual
technologies. In the third stage, predictive analytics of big data, Internet of Things, additive
technologies, robotics and artificial intelligence technologies will be introduced. Our
education system is now moving from Phase 1 to Phase II. At this stage, the distance learning
system is effectively organized
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• Make education accessible and accessible to all
• Systematize student learning from a distance
• There are a number of problems in controlling the level of mastery of the acquired
knowledge
With the help of new information and communication technologies, new forms of
teaching are emerging, in addition to traditional full-time education, distance and mixed
education systems. The implementation of this type of education system requires
information and communication technologies and software from the educational
institution. There are many programming languages available for creating software.
Programming languages form the basis of not only the operating system of our computers
and mobile devices and the programs in it, but also the web pages. The programmer selects
the programming language based on the requirements of the future program. Native apps -
such apps are designed for only one mobile operating system and are apps specifically
designed for a specific platform, such as iOS, Android, Windows Phone, Symbian, Blackberry.
These programs cannot be used on any other platform. In other words, you can’t use the
Android app on your iPhone. There are many operating systems for various mobile devices
today, the most common of which are Symbian OS, Windows mobile, Linux (Android), Palm
OS, iPhone OS, Blackberry OS. The Android operating system is now used in many mobile
devices and smart watches, e-books, laptops. This operating system is based on the Linux
operating system. Previously, Android Inc. Developed by the company and later acquired by
Google, Google is known as the Open Handset Alliance (OHA). It (OHA) is still developing and
supporting the platform.
Android allows you to create java-applications that manage devices in libraries
developed by Google. Android Native Development Kit S allows you to port ports of libraries
and applications written in other languages.
Hybrid applications for all platforms - they are built using multi-platform web
technologies (such as HTML5, CSS and Javascript), these types of applications are fast and
relatively easy to develop, and have a single code base for all platforms. Provides cost-
effective and continuous renewal.
Web applications are a customized version of a web page for use on any mobile device,
which redirects the user to a URL and does not take up much space in the device memory.
According to the function of the above applications can be divided into 7 main
categories:
1 Game applications
2 business applications
3 educational applicationa
4service applications
5traveling relateted applications
6 entertaining applications
7 life related applications
Many apps are currently being developed for the Android operating system due to the
flexibility of the system and the openness of the current code. There are many different
programming languages that create these types of applications, and they are categorized in
turn. The most common classification is the division into lower and upper levels. If the
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language is close to human language, it is a high-level programming language, and if it is
close to machine language, it is a low-level programming language. The following are the
programming languages used to create various applications for the Android operating
system:
Coltin is a programming language belonging to the Java family, which is similar to Java
but relatively easy to understand;
C / C ++ - Android Studio supports C ++ using Java NDK.
C # - C # is an alternative for programmers who are learning to program in C or C ++,
which sends more code. It is supported by a number of convenient tools, such as Unity and
Xamarin. This programming language is great for developing games and platforms.
Java - Java is an official language for Android and is supported by Android Studio. Java
is a high-level programming language that automatically performs complex and low-level
tasks that most programmers face, such as memory management and garbage collection,
thus allowing programmers to focus on the programming process. Unlike other
programming languages, Java has a standalone platform. In other programming languages,
when code is converted to a specific machine code, in Java, unlike them, compiler programs
are translated into Bytecode, which is interpreted by the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) or
Java virtual machine (JVM). translates. Here are some of the advantages of Java over other
programming languages: Let's compare this language with other languages.
Java and C-Java object-oriented language meanwhile C is processual.
Java and NET programs support the platform, but the program developed on one
platform does not work on another platform.
Java and Python- Java is a programmed language, and Python is an interpreted
programming language and therefore Java programs run relatively faster. It also has flagship
libraries to support Java applications.
Java and PHP are general purpose programming languages, so it is widely used in
various domains, while PHP is mainly used for web application development. In addition,
PHP is considered a translated or script, while Java is a compiled programming language.
Static and Dynamic Check Types - Java is used in the Static check type. In the static check
type, variables are checked during compilation. The programmer must specify the type of
each variable. The main advantage of using a static check type is that these errors are
determined at the time of compilation.
As a result, Java is an object-oriented, flexible, programmable programming language
that is relatively fast because of its programming, has a rich library of updates. Java plays a
huge role in the world of programming, as it can be applied to many fields. For example,
Java has been used to create various web applications (Google docs), mobile games, and a
wide range of applications. It is important to analyze the use of language features for each
programming language. These analyzes can
Mobile app — A mobile app, often referred to as an app, is a type of software designed
to run on a mobile device, for example: a smartphone or tablet. Most mobile apps serve to
provide users with services similar to those available on a personal computer. Applications
are usually small, separate programming blocks with separate limited functions. The use of
this software was originally made by Apple Inc. popularized by. The App Store offers
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thousands of apps for iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch.There are two dominant platforms in
today’s smartphone market. One of them is Apple Inc. iOS platform. The iOS platform is an
operating system that supports Apple’s popular iPhone smartphone network. The second is
Google’s Android OT. The Android operating system is used not only by Google devices, but
also by many other OEMs to create their own smartphones and other smart devices. In 2009,
technology commentator David Pogue argued that smartphones could be called “practical
phones” to differentiate mobile devices from the simpler forms previously developed. Since
then, the term “software application” has been abbreviated as “software” and has become
very popular. In 2010, the American Dialects Society named it “Word of the Year”.
The simplest mobile apps take computer apps and transfer them to a mobile device.
As mobile applications became more reliable, this technology then involved the
development of a customized mobile environment, taking into account the limitations and
advantages of a sophisticated approach. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of
native programs:
make the popularity of the language easier to work with, as well as ensure the
reliability of the programming language. Using the Java programming language, it is possible
to create interactive learning applications that improve the quality of teaching and learning.
Let’s take a look at the concept of mobile apps and mobile web apps as well as web apps.
These concepts are almost no different for most users. But they are very different not only
in appearance but also in scope.
Advantages: - A geo-location sign allows companies to adjust loyalty or advertising
programs. - information about user behavior (or inaction) can be easily collected and
analyzed, which helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the entire application or its individual
functions. - native applications usually work better and “feel” better. Sometimes web apps
are designed to mimic locals, but they are limited by Internet speed and design capabilities.
Disadvantages: - Developing native apps is expensive, especially for companies that need
OTs with a platform for platforms - Native apps need to be approved in every app store, and
the process of getting users ’attention can be difficult (unless the company has an internal
app)
A web application is a program that is stored on a separate server and delivered to
the browser interface via the Internet. According to Web App Storm editor Jarel Remik, any
component of a website that performs any function for a user is defined as a web
application. There is no need to download web applications as they can be accessed over
the network. Users can access the web application through a web browser such as Google
Chrome, Mozilla Firefox or Safari
Web applications require a web server, a software server, and a database. web servers
handle client requests, and the application server performs the required function. The
database can be used to store any required data. Web applications provide users with a
number of features that can be used by a large number of users at the same time, they can
be accessed from devices with different Internet access, they can be accessed using various
software tools, the user can bring the desired web application to the user's desktop. The
dentist has the ability to act on information in web applications, that is, to receive, store,
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process and transmit information, and so on. Web applications are created differently for
different audiences, and there are commercial, educational, entertainment, and social
networking applications based on the interests of the audience. Such applications are
tracked by the user based on their interests.
Some important advantages of web applications:
– Internet-based applications are easier to support and can work on any platform with
the OS
– Developers can offer apps without approval by any app stores
– Faster conversion using CSS, HTML and JavaScript
Several disadvantages of web applications:
– Web applications do not have access to the user's device.
– Users can use this type of application only over the network, which significantly
reduces security management.
– It can be difficult to search for an app because it doesn’t have an app store with a
directory and a search function.
There are two types of web applications:
Progressive Web-applications
PWA offers an alternative way to develop traditional mobile applications by transferring
them to the app store and installing the apps. PWA is an Internet-based application that uses
a variety of browser features, such as offline mode, back-up, and the ability to add weather
to the device's screen, making it more user-friendly.
• Hybrid mobile devices are created using standard web technologies JavaScript, CSS
and HTML5 and integrated into software installation packages. Unlike simple applications,
hybrid applications are called "web-containers", which provide a bridge to the APIs of the
browser and local devices via ApacheCordova.
• A hybrid program is a program written with the help of web technologies and
attached to a thin web-browser. In a hybrid program, you can quickly switch to other
platforms that use the same basic database.
Additional advantages of hybrid applications:
– Hybrid applications have the most functional features for the user;
– Developers are not limited to a single platform, instead they can create a hybrid
application that runs on multiple platforms (if running as a local application).
– Hybrids are a good choice for programmers who create visually rich applications, such
as games (which don’t work as well as web applications)
The hybrid application has some drawbacks:
– Very complex programs are best done
– Such an application requires extra time and effort to make the local user look and
feel (compared to web applications)
– App Stores can reject hybrid apps that run smoothly
With the emergence of ICT novel methods and ways of teaching have been created.
More precisely, all-inclusive distance and mixed learning systems has developed and
nowadays being practically examined. The first institution employed MOOC system was an
open-university situated in Milton Keynes UK. Currently, there are plenty of leading
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universities that altered traditional system of education into innovative and conservative
one. These institutions are Open-university in UK, Open national university named after
Indira Gadhi in India, University of Florida, Charles Sturt university. Forms of teaching can be
changed by the impact of two major factors. First potential to cause verifications is technical
and scientific revolutions while the second one is perennial rise of human demand.
The tools of e-learning and m-learning (mobile learning) are mobile phones, smart
phones and handheld computers. These portable gadgets provide convenient atmosphere
to the learner giving the opportunity to observe or participate in particular lecture regardless
of time and place. The subsequent stage of electronic educational evolution is E-learning,
comprising the function of getting access to educational materials as well as services from
various kinds of mobile devices having internet connectivity. By significantly facilitating and
simplifying educational procedure it eliminates the major issue of entire conservative
system which is classroom attendance, moving the importance from lecture participation to
material acquisition. Leading experts in this field, O.Connel and Low defined m-learning as a
combination of e-learning and adaptive education.
While Eteokleous and Ctoridou came up with differing point of view, arguing that m-
learning is a next generation of e-learning. Moreover, they recapitulated that e-learning is a
system where exploiting mass media is inevitable and this process can be accomplished by
using digital methodology.
Russian scientist ДПогуляев categorized mobile teaching equipments according to
their carrying tasks:
Analyzing materials with the help of mobile devices, for instance, e-book, mobile
dictionary, TV and video programs there are multimedia applications
Means of correspondence between educator and student (mobile chatting,
conferences, e-mail, mobile blogs)
Instructing knowledge, checking the task accomplishment degree (mobile tests and
applications)
Preparing for never experienced unintended urgent situations, automation of decision
making process by attaining new skills (mobile research, study-aimed game, mobile training)
As a m-education support tool
There are several ways to technically implement a project that combines all of the
above mentioned attributes. Nonetheless, the most optimal way of achieving this goal is
through “learning mobile web applications”, which include:
Saving the web-page in off-line mode enables user to exploit information in the
application in off-line regime
With the aid of web-application
Scrutinizing, accomplishing and perceiving new material becomes much more easier
Chance to acquisition of video and audio materials
Corresponding with other participants
View hypertext context
Facilitation of working with multimedia presentation
Mobile web-applications can be used not only in distance learning but also in credit
module system of education. With the aid of this application in credit module system the
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inferior quality of teaching will be changed into superior quality, because mobile web-
applications bring:
A golden opportunity to use a certain systemized knowledge repository
Independence from attendance obligatory lessons on particular time and place, as one
can get conversant with new themes via video lessons
A sympathetic environment for student-teacher correspondence
Convenience to always be enlightened about university news
The possibilities of wide e-library treasure’s utilization
A marvelous opening for not skipping any informative data in lectures, through
listening to them distantly
It is anticipated that, in the not too distant future mobile-web applications will be
effectively applied in creation of virtual universities. Through appropriate and aimed
utilization, these applications can be forward- pushing factors of educational reformations.
Since, university will have a national system of education with markedly enhanced quality
and systemized supervision of educational quality.
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