The approach adopted at the University of Wolverhampton and the outcomes are
instructive in revealing the scope of ISO9000 in the higher education context.
Rather than involve external consultants to install ISO9000 quickly, the University of
Wolverhampton took a more considered and reflective approach. They were fearful that
the quick fix would lead to an implementation of ISO9000 that was cumbersome,
inflexible and bureaucratic. Instead they reviewed the systems in place and matched them
The advantages claimed by the university to date have been enhanced communication
within the institution about procedures and their rationale, plus a growing feeling of
The University defined quality in terms of a service. A quality service to its ‘clients’
Premises for incorporating ISO9000
The university had four premises for incorporating ISO9000 into its TQM strategy:
•
ISO9000 was developed out of good practice in ‘real’ companies;
•
it is a blueprint for good management;
•
it involves a discipline the university needs;
•
it has certain attractive feature that harmonise with TQM.
Thus, logically, if the universities’ procedures are sound then they can easily be put
into ISO9000 format, so they might as well apply for the Standard. If they are not sound
then they need to go through the process.
Problematic nature of the premises
This may be a persuasive argument for the management of the University of
Wolverhampton but there are many people in higher education who would see it as
fundamentally flawed. The logic, that registration is easy if the systems are right and that
it needs to be done if they are not, presupposes that the standard is worth having. A
review of the premises is required.
First, that the system has been developed in ‘real’ (that is, manufacturing) companies is
no indicator that it has any applicability to education. ISO9000 originated in safety-
critical manufacturing industries such as aerospace and defence (Taylor and Hill, 1993a).
The quality assurance system was designed to reduce error and ensure uniformity of the
product. Higher education has no simple ‘product’, nor is there any desire for uniformity.
Second, the assertion that ISO9000 provides a blueprint for good management is
debatable in a higher education context. Similarly, what is it about ISO9000 that provides
a necessary discipline for a university. The process of documenting agreed systems and
procedures may ‘bring discipline and greater consensus to that which was informal and
perhaps ambiguous’ (Taylor and Hill, 1993a, p. 22). However, is there any need to go so
far as to produce the rather prescriptive, bureaucratic manuals required for registration
against the Standard, especially as, beyond the initial rigour of documentation, ‘quality
assurance tends to preserve the
status quo
’(Taylor and Hill, 1993a, p. 22 [italics added]).
Finally, and much more contentious is the assertion that ISO9000 has features that
harmonise with TQM. This we explore in detail below.
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