Encyclopedia of Islam


¶   Death of Akbar. 1609–14



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1605

  Death of Akbar.



1609–14

  Expulsion of the Muslims from Spain.



1624

  Death of Ahmad Sirhindi, Indian mystic and 



reformer.


Chronology

  

xliii  J



1627

  Mughal emperor Shah Jahan begins reign.



1640

  Death of Mulla Sadra, Persian mystic and phi-



losopher.

1654

  Shah Jahan completes construction of Taj 



Mahal.

1658

  Aurangzeb deposes his father, Shah Jahan, and 



begins reign as Mughal ruler.

1683

  Ottomans lift the second siege of Vienna and 



retreat.

1699

  Death of Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi, leading 



Shii scholar.

1707

  Death of Aurangzeb, inaugurating era of rapid 



Mughal decline.

1722

  Safavid rule in Iran effectively ended by Afghan 



invasion.

1750

  Wahhabi movement, led by Muhammad Abd 



al-Wahhab, arises in Arabia.

1757–65

  English East India Company wins control of 



Bengal, India.

1762

  Death of Shah Wali Allah.



1798–1801

  French expedition under Napoleon Bonaparte 



to Egypt.

1792

  Death of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, founder of the 



Wahhabi movement.

1801

  Wahhabi raiders attack and plunder Karbala in 



Iraq.

1804

  Usman dan Fodio establishes Islamic state of 



Sokoto in central Sudan.

  Wahhabi forces capture Medina.



1805

  Muhammad Ali appointed viceroy of Egypt by 



Ottomans.

1806

  Wahhabi forces occupy Mecca.



1812–16

  Egyptian troops conduct successful campaign to 



end Wahhabi control of Arabia.

1816

  British withdraw from Indonesia, restoring it to 



Dutch rule.

1817

  Death of Usman dan Fodio, African religious 



and political leader.


K  xliv  


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