1869
¶
Suez Canal opened.
1870
¶
Muhammad Ahmad ibn Abd Allah appears as
the Sudanese Mahdi.
1876
¶
Britain purchases shares of the Suez Canal and
becomes involved in Egyptian affairs.
1881
¶
Muhammad Ahmad declares himself Mahdi in
northern Sudan.
¶
Death of the first Aga Khan, Ismaili leader in
India.
1882
¶
British forces occupy Egypt.
1885
¶
Death of the Sudanese Mahdi.
1891–92
¶
Tobacco revolts against British business interests
in Iran.
1897
¶
Death of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Muslim
reformer and activist.
1898
¶
Death of Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Muslim modern-
ist reformer.
¶
Death of Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the
Ahmadiyya movement.
1899
¶
Fall of Mahdist state in the Sudan and its occu-
pation by Anglo-Egyptian troops.
1900–08
¶
Construction of the Hijaz railway to Mecca as a
pan-Islamic project.
1901
¶
Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud captures Riyadh.
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