Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan samarkand state institute of foreign languages

CHAPTER II
SOCIETY AND CLASSICAL WRITERS AT FIRST NEGLECTED THESE WORKS
2.1. Influence of English authors
These journals, like their English models, were published not for the upper class by birth and education, but for the average urban society, and presented images of domestic daily life, which was not the subject of the lofty subjects of the works of pseudo-classical writers.
That is why the upper strata of society and classical writers at first neglected these works, attaching to them the importance of a folk book, reading for "vile people".
Another kind of Russian literature developed much more strongly, which appeared in our country under the influence of English authors, namely the so-called. The philistine drama, which in England and France was the product of a socio-political upheaval that pushed the third estate forward. In Russia in the eighteenth century, the nobility was not in danger of losing some of their rights in favor of the urban population; nevertheless, the philistine drama had tremendous success in Moscow and soon reached widespread development. The reason for this, in all likelihood, must be sought in the fact that these dramas, like the English models, brought to the stage people closer to Russian society than the heroes of pseudo-classical tragedy and international types of French comedy. The time of the appearance of philistine dramas in our literature also coincides with the time of periodicals of 1769-1774. Already before that time, English and French plays were translated and written into English samples; so, were translated: Lillo - the first bourgeois tragedy "George Barnwell, or the London merchant" (1764); actor Dmitrevsky - French adaptation of Moore's play "The Gambler" and "Beverley", etc. French and German dramas, for example. Detusha, Marivo, Lessing, etc. Behind the translations were the original imitative comedies: Naryshkina, True Friendship, Verevkina, As It Should Be (1773), Kheraskova, Friend of the Unfortunate (1774) and The Persecuted (1775) and many others. At this time, they also began to translate Shakespeare, who was called Shakespeare, Shakespeare and Cheksper. "Richard III" was translated in Nizhny Novgorod in 1783, published in 1787; "Julius Caesar" was translated by Karamzin in Moscow in 1786, published in 1787. Sumarokov imitated in some places Shakespeare, whom he knew from pseudo-classical alterations.
In particular, some of the Russian writers of the 18th century. reflect in their writings the influence of English literature: for example, Petrov discovered on himself a rather strong influence of Addison and Locke; Kostrov imitated Ossian, as well as a little later I. Dmitriev, who in the ode “Ermak” presented the battle between Ermak and Mehmet-Kul, quite similar to Ossian, who described the combat between Svaran and Fingal. The direct influence of English literature can also be seen in Mikhail Muravyov (1767-1807), the teacher of Emperor Alexander I and Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich. For his lessons, the content of which is set forth in Experiments in History, Writing, and Morality (1796), he took over the leadership of the works of Scottish scholars: Adam Smith, Hetcheson, Ferguson, Reed, Lord and Kems. But English literature had the most tremendous influence on Russian literature in the era of romanticism, for which see Romanticism, Byron, Walter Scott, Pushkin, Lermontov, etc.
Valery Orlov-Korf
Under the influence of French naturalism, the naturalistic novel appears in English literature. J. Gissing (1857-1903) and J. Moore (1857-1933) - these writers introduced the description of the dark sides of life into literature.
In contrast to naturalism, a neo-romantic adventure novel arises. Its main representative was R. Stevenson (1950-1994), author of Treasure Island. The following writers gained great fame at this time: R. Haggard ("The Mines of King Solomon", "Cleopatra") - adventure works; A. Conan-Doyle presented detective novels to the reader; poetry and prose of R.
Kipling shows the life of the animal world and man. The phenomenon of decadence in English literature has its own national roots. The work of O. Wilde ("The Portrait of Dorian Gray") is closely connected with decadence. In drama, the real revolution was carried out by B. Shaw (1856-1950), who was a brilliant master of dramatic dialogue. In his works, he solved issues of family and household relations and social ones.
B. Shaw. The playwright during this period in his work solves social issues less, and devotes more to the moments of "creative evolution" ("Man and Superman", 1903). In the play Major Barbara (1905), he shows sentimental philanthropy. The show is considered an innovative playwright. He is looking for new forms for the embodiment of his ideas. Criticizing social order, the playwright creates grotesque images, addresses paradoxical and fantastic situations, buffoonery and farce, and develops genres of philosophical utopia (Back to Methuselah, 1920; Cart with apples, 1929; Bitter, but true, 1932). In the play "Saint John" the writer creates the image of the national heroine of France, Jeanne d'Arc.
An excerpt from B. Shaw's play "Saint John":
“... Dunois. Well, Jeanne! Enough for you to pray. You cried so much. You will get a sheet to death if you still kneel here. The cathedral was already empty; and the streets are full of people, and everyone is demanding the Virgin. We told them that you stayed in the church - to pray alone, but they want you to come out to them again.
Jeanne. Not. May all the glory go to the king.
Dunois. He only spoils the picture, poor fellow. No, Jeanne. You crowned him - you must do everything that is supposed to be done ... "
Sharp social motives are characteristic of the best works of John Galsworthy (1867-1933). His work is characterized by a wide epic scope, the significance of social and psychological generalizations, skill in depicting everyday reality. This can be seen in his plays ("Silver Box", "Struggle", "Justice") and novels. In the post-war period of his work, the writer continues to develop the theme of the novel The Owner (1906) and embodies it in the form of an epic cycle consisting of two trilogies - The Forsyte Saga, which, in addition to The Owner, includes the novels In the Loop ( 1920), For Rent (1921) and The Contemporary Comedy, which includes The White Monkey (1924), The Silver Spoon (1926) and The Swan Song (1928). Significantly expanding the scope of the family novel, the writer depicts the complex contradictions of social life in England. In the early 30s, Galsworthy creates the trilogy "The Last Chapter", in the image of the main character Dinny Cherrel, he embodies his ideal associated with the foundations of the life of the old English aristocracy. Galsworthy is a staunch supporter of realism in art.
An excerpt from Galsworthy's novel "The White Monkey":
“… Wilfrid Desert's apartment was just opposite the art gallery on Cork Street. As the only representative of the male half of the aristocracy who writes poetry worthy of print, he chose this apartment not for convenience, but for privacy. However, his "den" was furnished with taste, with sophistication, which is characteristic of aristocratic English families ... "
WELLES
“… A huge hall on the ground floor faces north, like an art studio. It's summer outside, it's tropically hot in the hall, but winter-like cold and watery light that greedily flows through these windows in search of picturesquely draped mannequins or nude nature, albeit faded and pimply, and finds only nickel, glass, coldly shining porcelain laboratory. Winter meets winter. White robes of laboratory technicians, gloves of whitish, corpse-colored rubber on their hands. The light is frozen, dead, ghostly. Only on the yellow tubes of microscopes does he seem to be juicy, borrowing the living yellowness, as if he smears with butter these polished tubes, which have stood in a long formation on the working tables ... "
Graham Greene (1904-1991) - 20th century English novelist. During his creative life, he wrote 25 novels, plays, screenplays, books for children, books of travel essays. Born into a family of educators, he studied at Oxford University. He made his debut in literature as a poet. All his life he considered himself "a man of faith and a" man of doubts. "
In 1929, he wrote the first novel "The Man Inside" - the story of a smuggler who betrayed his comrades to the authorities, who came into conflict with his own conscience and committed suicide. Worldwide recognition enjoyed his subsequent novels: "England Created Me", "Power and Glory", "The Heart of the matter", "The Quiet American", "Our Man in Havana", "Honorary Consul", "The Human Factor" (1978), " Fischer from Geneva ”(1982). His novels are diverse in genre: criminal, detective, political, satirical, philosophical. The writer saturates his works with acute dramatic situations, exciting intrigue.
An excerpt from Graham Greene's short story "A Trip Out of Town":
“… She pressed her ear to a thin partition from a hastily put together a standard cottage; voices could be heard from the next room. The more intensely she listened, the clearer they became, as if she was turning the lever of the radio ... Then the bed creaked, and she realized that in the next room an elderly couple of strangers were exchanging affection, settling down ... "
William Golding (1911-1995) - the greatest English novelist of the 20th century. He was considered a master of the philosophical novel. In his works, Golding sought to capture the tragedy of human existence. Philosophically, he posed various problems: personality and civilization, man and progress. In his work, the parable novel received a special development ("Lord of the Flies", "Heirs", "Spire", "Visible Darkness", "Paper People"). At the basis of these works, he offered the reader an allegory, an allegory, where heroes and plot situations appear in allegorical form, illustrate certain philosophical theses and ideals.
In Lord of the Flies, Golding portrayed the relationships and conflicts of children who find themselves on the island. Through their good and evil deeds, the writer, as it were, illustrated the model of the historical development of human civilization. Critics believe that the writer is close to the philosophy of existentialism. The writer has a pessimistic view of the world. His human soul is always in constant struggle, where good and evil rule with varying degrees of success.
“… The coast was covered with palm trees. They stood, bent over, nicked in the rays, and their green plumage hung a hundred feet high. Under them grew tough grass, swollen with upturned roots, rotten coconuts lay scattered and here and there newborn sprouts made their way. Behind was the darkness of the forest and the bright opening of the clearing. Ralph froze, forgetting his hand on the gray trunk, and squinting at the sparkling water.