Ministry of higher and secondary special education of the republic of uzbekistan samarkand state institute of foreign languages

Influence of English literature on Russian
The influence of English literature on Russian came out with great force already in the 18th century and reached its apogee in the era of romanticism, when Byron, Walter Scott and other English writers of that time caused with their works a literary movement throughout Europe directed against French pseudo-classicalism. The ideas of English literature of the last century were reflected in Russia mainly in two directions, or, better to say, in two branches of literary activity: in journalism and in theater. Already at the beginning of this century, precisely between 1709 and 1714, the satirical weekly magazines Chatterbox, Spectator and Guardian were published in England by Stahl and Addison. In them, for the first time, the struggle against the pseudo-classical trend in literature began and a decisive turn towards purely folk, local elements in the field of plot and form was preached. These journals partly directly, but mainly through German literature, where at the same time the English movement was strongly reflected, influenced the Russian - in the sense that similar satirical magazines began to be published in Russia between 1769 and 1774. These magazines include the following: "Anything and everything" (1769-1770), "And this and that" (1769), "Neither this nor that" (1769), "Poyonshchina" (1769), "Mix" (1769), "Drone" (1769-1770), "Hell's Post" (1769), "Useful with Pleasant" (1769), "Parnassian Scribbler" (1770), "Pustomel" (1770), "Hardworking Ant" (1778), " Antiquity and Novelty ”(1772-1773),“ Evenings ”(1772),“ Painter ”(1772),“ Meshanina ”(1773),“ Purse ”(1774). The program of these magazines was close to the program of the English, since they generally armed themselves against old superstitions and prejudices, and some articles were even directly translated from Addison's and Stalev's magazines.


Conclusion chapter I
The same pessimism is imbued with George Robert Gissing [1857-1903] - the everyday writer of the London lower class and starving literary bohemia, a disciple of Dickens, but devoid of his humor and his philanthropic faith, who expected nothing equally "from the philanthropy of the rich, nor from the uprising of the poor. The main tone of the works of Joseph Conrad [1857-1924] is also pessimistic. Konrad is one of the most powerful and complex writers of our time, striking in the richness and diversity of his language. He seeks to penetrate into the depths of human nature and use all means in order to convey the impression of the real to our consciousness: "the colorfulness of painting, the plasticity of sculpture and the magical effect of music." He paints all kinds of human suffering, he does not idealize a person, because he is convinced that ineradicable selfishness makes a person a wolf to another person.