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4.1. THE CONTENT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THERMAL TRAINING FOR CHILDREN AND STUDENTS
Special studies of the effectiveness of physical training in various temperature conditions found that the greatest increase in motor qualities and the best adaptation of body systems to strenuous muscular work in a hot climate were observed during physical training in the summer months during the hottest hours of the day. At the same time, after training, there was a decrease in oxygen consumption and energy costs. It turned out that the combination of a strong thermal stimulus and a complex of stimuli caused by intense motor activity is accompanied by favorable adaptive reactions necessary for the manifestation of high motor activity in conditions of overheating of the body.
During physical exertion, conditions are created for a significant violation of the thermal balance due to intense heat generation. There is evidence that in the process of intense physical exertion, even at low air temperature in winter conditions, there were cases of an increase in body temperature by up to 2 degrees C.
The possibility of a significant increase in body temperature when performing high-intensity physical exercises in conditions of high external temperature raises the question of the use of special thermal training for physical improvement. The resistance of the body of children and adolescents to the thermal factor will improve the coordination function of the motor and autonomic nerve centers and thus increase the motor potential, especially in conditions of high external temperature
The value of the body's thermal stability may increase due to the hypoxemic mode of muscle work (in mountainous conditions) and in a hypoglycemic state (with prolonged work), since the hyper thermic effect in these conditions will be combined with hypoxemic and hypoglycemic.
For the best course of thermal adaptation in conditions of hypoxemia, intense muscular work and high external temperature, the hypothermic pauses proposed by us were used. Their essence consists in the fact that muscle work is interrupted for several minutes, after certain periods of time. Performing a hypothermic pause is in a lying position in the shade with the most relaxed muscular system and closed eyes.
The mode of application of hypothermic pauses is determined by the intensity, duration of muscle loads and the physical condition of the external environment, which is mainly determined by the external temperature.
It turned out to be practically convenient to distinguish three gradation zones of high external temperature: 1) very high, 2) high, 3) moderately high. In turn, the intensity of muscular efforts was divided into two fundamental levels: 1) high, including physical activity of maximum, submaximal and high intensity and 2) moderate.
With high-intensity muscle work, hypothermic pauses are effective in the rhythm at least every 5 minutes of work, with moderate intensity loads, the segments of continuous muscle effort can fluctuate in the range of 5-30 minutes.
The use of hypothermic pauses during muscular work in conditions of high external temperature allows you to perform a very large amount of physical work, which with such a motor mode can last up to 8 or more hours.
By means of hypothermic pauses during intense and prolonged muscular work at high external temperature, a regulatory balancing of the thermal balance is achieved, as a result of which the increase in body temperature during 0-8 hours of work does not exceed 1.0 degrees C. Under identical conditions of muscular work, without hypothermic pauses, an increase in body temperature for 30 minutes. it can reach 3.0 degrees. and more.
Through regular physical training, conducted in the hottest time of the day, with the use of hypothermic pauses, a high resistance of the body to thermal effects is achieved. At the same time, during operation, there is a tendency to decrease the initial body temperature by 0.5—0.8 degrees.
Along with an increase in the body's resistance to thermal effects, there is a noticeable increase in motor qualities and a better tolerance of extreme physical exertion by the body.
The great importance of thermal adaptation for increasing human motor activity is clearly manifested in the acute period of acclimatization in the conditions of the middle mountains. In this regard, experimental studies were conducted at the sports base of the village of Shakhimardan located at an altitude of 1995 m. with members of the youth wrestling team of the region, the data obtained during the experiment confirmed the hypothesis put forward when compared with the results obtained earlier.
Increasing the body's resistance to thermal effects during muscular work in hypoxemic conditions contributes to a significant increase in motor potential, which makes it possible to consider thermal training an important means of motor improvement of athletes in the process of high-altitude acclimatization.
Special thermal training above sea level creates essential prerequisites for the growth of motor activity in conditions of low atmospheric pressure.
Thermal training can be divided into two types: active and passive. Active thermal training provides options with the use of special complexes of physical exercises and conducting it during sports training sessions in conditions of high external temperature. Variants of the passive method of thermal training can be thermal exposure during solar irradiation, in the form of hygienic procedures (bath, shower, etc.).
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