Khankeldiev Sh. Kh. Regional features of the physical status of youth students fergana 2022 Reviewer

CHAPTER 4. PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE AND MOTOR ACTIVITY OF PEOPLE LIVING IN CONDITIONS HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Performing physical exercises in conditions of high ambient temperature is associated with complex adaptive reactions of the body, to which a large number of studies have been devoted (N. F. Sultanov, A.I.Yarotsky, A.I.Israel, A.S. Shatalina, A.N.Livitsky, etc.). The question of the influence of permanent residence in a hot climate on physical fitness and performance has been much less studied. It is known that at high air temperature, the overall motor activity decreases.
(Sh.Kh. Khankeldiev). In addition, the daily rhythm of motor activity changes (the main part of the motor load falls on the early morning and late evening hours). It is interesting to note that regular dances with a lot of physical activity, widespread among residents of tropical latitudes, are considered by researchers as an attempt in such a peculiar way to compensate for insufficient motor activity in the daytime.
According to foreign literature, it is known that the physical performance of people living in the equatorial zone is reduced compared to the average European and North American standards. However, to a large extent, these differences can be explained by insufficient nutrition. Thus, a clear relationship was shown between physical performance and the quality of nutrition among young people and adults in pre-revolutionary Ethiopia. The influence of chronic diseases, high air temperature at the time of examination also affected.
The physical development of female college students was studied, which, due to the specifics of social and ethnic factors, was of particular interest to the study of their physical status, as well as due to the fact that there is extremely little data in the literature obtained on the female contingent, and there is practically no statistical material of mass studies of girls living in conditions of high external temperature.
Longitudinal studies, as well as a comparative analysis, showed that during the four-year period of study at the university, body length tended to increase unreliably in the age range of 17-18 years and averaged 0.32-about 96 cm.
A similar trend of the secular trend was also found in body mass indicators, where 17-year-old girls had an increase in body weight of 2.5 kg over a 3-year period, while the vast majority of tests were at the age of 18-19 years, which is consistent with the data of literary sources.
As for the speed-force and coordination tests, many residents of the tropics show results that significantly exceed the standards of residents of temperate latitudes.
In the specific conditions of tropical Africa, representatives of the indigenous population demonstrate a higher fitness to work in hot conditions than non-acclimatized Europeans. However, after the necessary acclimatization, the differences become insignificant.
Here are the results of our own research on the physical fitness of children and young men conducted in the Fergana region.
Physical development (according to 13 indicators) and physical fitness of children and youth (according to 17 control exercises) were determined in 660 people.
The standard unified program of tests of mass examination of physical fitness and physical development of the population was used. We will limit ourselves to considering only some facts, in particular, the dynamics of the results of some of the physical exercises used. Comparison of indicators of physical fitness of young people living in a region with a high ambient temperature with indicators registered in other regions served as a kind of benchmark for comparison with the results of our research. Such a technique (the averaging of data from different authors essentially corresponds to the interpretation of individual scientific publications as sample observations from the totality of potentially possible studies) has become quite widespread in the human sciences in recent years and is usually referred to by the term "meta-analysis". If we apply this terminology, we can say that we have determined the normative values for comparison with our actual data using a meta-analytical approach.
When comparing our data with conditional normative curves, three main types of dependencies are identified:
— the dynamics of indicators of physical fitness of children and youth living in conditions of high ambient temperature in all age periods mainly corresponds to the dynamics of indicators of children living in the middle lane (according to the results of exercises: running at 30, 60, 100 m, long jump from a standstill and high jump from a run, throwing the ball at a distance);
— exercises, the results of which (in the entire studied age range) by children of the Fergana Valley are inferior to similar indicators in children of other regions. These are mainly exercising that characterize the level of development of endurance, balance, strength, dexterity;
— the most numerous groups of exercises. Conducted in the last 15 years on different continents.

However, there is no data in the literature on the motor activity of young people living in conditions with high ambient temperature.

The interest in studying this issue is supported not only by the fact, but also by the fact that the physical fitness of young people living in these regions is inferior to the physical fitness of residents of temperate latitudes (Fig.3, 4).
Studying the motor activity of large contingents of people in methodological terms is a very difficult task.
The indicator that is most interesting from a scientific point of view — the total amount of energy consumption over a long period of time — is practically unavailable for study. Therefore, the following basic methods of determining daily motor activity are used in practice:
— survey of respondents This method is the simplest, but does not have sufficient reliability;
— timing. This method is extremely time-consuming and can hardly be used for long-term observation of a large group of subjects;
— registration of motor activity by the number of steps in walking and running (actometry). This method is also not free from disadvantages: pedometers used for actometry registration have relatively low accuracy. However, with everyday use and the presence of a sufficiently large statistical material, this disadvantage is largely compensated by the possibility of registering motor activity in large contingents of subjects for a long time. It is this circumstance that explains the most widespread use of this method in recent years.
In our study, the indicators of actometry and the results of summation heart rate monitoring were used to register motor activity.
For two years, actometry data (the total number of steps per day) and summation heart rate monitoring were periodically recorded in the subjects. The subject wore a pedometer for one or several days.
Pulse adders were used to determine the number of heartbeats in one day. Registration started and ended in the morning hours from the moment of awakening.
36 people were under observation, but only 24 of them were able to take measurements with a fairly regular frequency during the two years of the experiment. All subjects are students (men), students of a secondary special institution; the average age is 16.4 + 0.9 years. The generally accepted methods of mathematical processing of the results were used. A total of 967 indicators of daily activity and 168 indicators of the daily pulse amount were registered. The data of each of the subjects for a separate observation period were averaged and included in further processing (a total of 614 indicators of daily motor activity and 142 daily pulse amounts).
Results. The average indicator of motor activity recorded in 36 people during two years of observation was 16382 steps per day. It corresponds to the one registered by other researchers on different continents. It should be noted, however, that according to the literature data, the volume of motor activity of children and young men varies widely - from 10 to 30 thousand steps per day. M.S.Khaziakhmetova for younger schoolchildren indicates even large limits of variations — from 6 to 48 thousand steps per day. For children of primary school age, it indicates the boundaries: 37 thousand. steps for girls and 40 thousand steps for boys. Like other researchers, we found stable individual differences in the indicators of daily motor activity, although they strongly depended on the time of year, and the correlation coefficients between the indicators recorded at different times in 19 subjects ranged from 0.63 to 0.93 (Table 58).
It is interesting to note that the correlation 58 coefficients between repeated measurements separated by an annual interval were high. For example, the correlation coefficient between the daily indicators of motor activity recorded in the last two weeks of January with an interval of one year was 0.905. Similar indicators for July were 0.89, etc.
It is interesting to note that the correlation coefficients between repeated measurements separated by an annual interval were high. For example, the correlation coefficient between the daily indicators of motor activity recorded in the last two weeks of January with an interval of one year was 0.905. Similar indicators for July were 0.89, etc.

It is interesting to note that the correlation coefficients between repeated measurements separated by an annual interval were high. For example, the correlation coefficient between the daily indicators of motor activity recorded in the last two weeks of January with an interval of one year was 0.905. Similar indicators for July were 0.89, etc.

Based on the materials of the correlation analysis of the data of astrometry indicators recorded in the same subjects in different months (3-correlations), a factor analysis was carried out. As a result of the calculation according to the standard program (the method of the main components; rotation of the reference axes according to the varimax criterion), two factors were distinguished (Table. 5), whose total contribution to the generalized variance of the sample was 82.5%.
The first factor, which gave high factor weights on all repeated measurements, was interpreted as the individual characteristics of the subjects. The second factor reflected seasonal fluctuations in motor activity and, above all, its changes in the summer months. Obviously, different people modify their motor behavior in different ways during the particularly hot months of the year.
The presence of striking individual differences is quite clearly traced even without the use of related forms of analysis. Table 59 presents individual examples of motor activity indicators recorded in individual subjects. The first subject was distinguished by higher indicators of motor activity compared to the average data and with indicators. As the additional analysis showed, this was due to the fact that in conditions of high ambient temperature, a decrease in motor activity was accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the indicators of summation pulsometer. Thus, the subjects' motor activity in January was 20.4 thousand steps, with a daily heart rate of 89.5 thousand. In July, motor activity was exceptionally low (4.8 thousand). On the same day (the temperature in the shade exceeded 43 ° C), the indicators of summation heart rate monitoring amounted to 92.3 thousand.
This indicates that the indicators of motor activity recorded autographically in conditions of moderate air temperature serve as an informative sign of activation of the cardiovascular system and, therefore, can be used to characterize the total values of physical activity. At high air temperature, the indicators of motor activity are not so clearly related to the results of summation heart rate monitoring.
Our research has allowed us to draw the following conclusions.
1. Students of secondary specialized educational institutions living in regions with high external temperature have large seasonal fluctuations in motor activity indicators. In the summer, it decreases sharply.
2. Significant individual features in seasonal fluctuations of motor activity were found.
3. High correlations were found between individual indicators of motor activity and summation pulsometer in cases when measurements are carried out at a moderate temperature.
4. The program for physical education of students of secondary specialized educational institutions needs significant correction, taking into account the detected seasonal fluctuations in motor activity.
The above indicates the need to look for optimal ways to improve the process of physical education of children, adolescents and young men in this region, taking into account its characteristics. It should be noted that the number of studies of specific features of motor activity, physical performance and physical fitness of the population of Uzbekistan is still clearly insufficient and requires scientific research of this problem.
In developed countries, the worst indicators of physical fitness are typical for children of the so-called middle strata of society, where adequate nutrition is accompanied by insufficient motor activity of children. As a result, these children are inferior in terms of physical fitness and performance as representatives of families with lower incomes (in such families, spontaneous motor activity of children is quite high) so do children belonging to the most privileged strata of capitalist society, where great attention is paid to the physical education of children.

Table 6

In developed countries, the worst indicators of physical fitness are typical for children of the so-called middle strata of society, where adequate nutrition is accompanied by insufficient motor activity of children. As a result, these children are inferior in terms of physical fitness and performance as representatives of families with lower incomes (in such families, spontaneous motor activity of children is quite high) so do children belonging to the most privileged strata of capitalist society, where great attention is paid to the physical education of children.

The physical fitness of children belonging to different social groups turns out to be approximately the same. However, even in modern conditions, there may be differences in the indicators of physical performance of persons belonging, for example, to different professional groups.
The work described above, performed in a number of universities, showed that students of one-profile universities studying in different regions did not find any regional differences in the level of physical fitness. However, statistically significant variations were observed due to the specifics of the university: students of technical universities, as a rule, surpassed in their motor abilities students studying at institutes of pedagogical, medical and agricultural profile.
A comparison of the physical performance of residents of urban and rural areas shows the superiority of urban residents. This applies to adult contingents and children.
A number of researchers have not found any differences in physical fitness and physical performance of urban and rural children.
Research by R. It is shown by Rasulov that the advantage of rural children over urban children is manifested mainly by the results of tests that characterize the speed and strength capabilities of dexterity and endurance.
Thus, the research results show that the physical fitness of young people belonging to different population groups and living in different regions may vary markedly. Since a properly organized process of physical education should be based on careful consideration of the characteristics of those involved, it seems advisable to further deepen and expand research on the study of the characteristics of physical fitness of young people.