Gender equality According to the International Labour Office, gender
equality refers to the enjoyment of equal rights,
opportunities and treatment by men and women and
by boys and girls in all spheres of life. It asserts that
people’s rights, responsibilities, social status and
access to resources do not depend on whether they
are born male or female. Gender equality implies that
all men and women are free to develop their personal
abilities and make life choices without the limitations
set by stereotypes or prejudices about gender roles or
the characteristics of men and women. (Source: ILO
2007).
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Gender mainstreaming in
the curriculum
Ensuring consideration of gender issues as part of the
design, implementation and monitoring of policies or
programmes with the aim of achieving and maintaining
gender equality.
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General capabilities In the Australian Curriculum (2013), ‘general
capabilities’ encompass the knowledge, skills,
behaviours and dispositions that, together with
curriculum content in each learning area and the
cross-curriculum priorities, will assist students to live
and work successfully in the twenty-first century. The
Australian Curriculum includes seven general
capabilities, namely: literacy; numeracy; Information
and Communication Technology (ICT) capability;
critical and creative thinking; personal and social
capability; ethical understanding; and intercultural
understanding. Students develop capability when they
apply knowledge and skills confidently, effectively and
appropriately in complex and changing circumstances,
both in their learning at school and in their lives outside
school. The encouragement of positive behaviours and
dispositions underpins all general capabilities. While
each of the capabilities covers a particular body of
learning, it should be noted that some knowledge,
skills, dispositions and behaviours are shared across
capabilities. In some cases, a particular aspect of one
capability is covered in another, for example, the
application of social and ethical protocols in the use of
digital technologies is included in ICT capability. When
combined in learning area contexts, general
capabilities enhance and complement each other. The
capabilities are intended to be ‘general’ and operate
across the whole curriculum. More ‘specialized’
knowledge and skills are detailed in learning areas,
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