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PRACTICAL WORK # 4
IP protocols and their versions.
Configuring static routing
• Version - for IPv6, the field value
must be 6.
• Traffic class - defines the priority of
traffic (QoS, class of service).
• Stream Label - a unique number that
is the same for a uniform packet stream.
• Payload length - data length in
octets (IP packet header is not included).
• Next header - sets the type of the
extended header (eng. IPv6 extension),
which goes next. In the last extended
header, the Next header field specifies the
type of transport protocol (TCP, UDP, etc.)
and defines the next encapsulated layer.
• Hop Count — The maximum number
of routers that a packet can pass. When
passing through the router, this value is
decreased by one, and when it reaches
zero, the packet is dropped.
The Routing Information Protocol is
one of the simplest routing protocols. Used
in small computer networks, it allows
routers to dynamically update routing
information (direction and range in hops)
by receiving it from neighboring routers.
RIP is a so-called distance vector
routing protocol that operates on hops as
a routing metric. The maximum number of
hops allowed in RIP is 15 (metric 16
means "infinitely large metric"). By default,
each RIP router broadcasts its complete
routing table to the network once every 30
seconds, putting quite a heavy load on low-
speed links. RIP operates at layer 7
(application layer) of the TCP / IP stack
using UDP port 520.
In modern network environments, RIP
is not the best choice as a routing protocol,
as its capabilities are inferior to more
modern protocols such as EIGRP, OSPF.
The 15 hop limit prevents it from being
applied in large networks. The advantage
of this protocol is its ease of configuration.
To configure static routing, you need
to create the topology shown in Figure 4.1.
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Fig. 4.1 - Network
topology
Next, you need to configure the
routers and PCs.
PC0 is configured to IP address
192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0 gateway
192.168.0.1 PC1 is configured to IP
address 172.172.0.2 255.255.255.0
gateway 172.172.0.1 Configure
Router0:
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet
0/0
Router(config-if)#IP address
192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
Router(config-if)#IP address
10.10.10.1 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#clock rate 64000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#IP route 10.10.10.4
255.255.255.252 serial 0/0/0
–
static route to network 10.10.10.4 via
serial 0/0/0 interface
Router(config)#IP route 172.172.0.0
255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/0
Router(config)#exit
The rest of the routers are configured
in the same way, with the exception of IP
addresses (table 4.1).
For Router1, you need to configure
static routing:
Router(config)#IP route 192.168.0.0
255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/0
Router(config)#IP route 172.172.0.0
255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/1
Table 4.1. IP addressing
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For Router2, you need to configure
static routing:
Router(config)#IP route 10.10.10.0
255.255.255.252
serial
0/0/1
Router(config)#IP route 192.168.0.0
255.255.255.0 serial 0/0/1
To check the functionality of the
topology, go to PC1 and trace to PC0 (Fig.
4.2).