Encyclopedia of Islam

R

Rabia al-Adawiyya  294, 341, 

426, 578–579

Rahman, Fazlur  xlviiic, 579–

580, 656

Ramadan  580–581

almsgiving  38

asceticism  65

Ashura  67

calendar  124

cemetery  133

dietary laws  199

fasting  227

Five Pillars  243

food and drink  248

haram  290

holidays  305–306

Id al-Fitr  342–343

Judaism and Islam  411

moon  479

Night of Destiny  529

umra  691

women  712

Rashid Rida, Muhammad  xlvc, 

6, 555, 581–582, 600, 655, 

689

Reconquista  36, 37, 142–143, 

167, 236, 455, 583

Refah Partisi (RP)  268, 582–

583, 675

refugees  583–585

Afghanistan  16

Cairo  120

Canada  130

cinema  147

Europe  219

Gulf Wars  276

Iraq  371

Jordan  406

Palestine  543

Syria  647, 650

renewal and reform movements  

585–589

Banna, Hasan al-  88–89

Bumiputra  118

Hanbali Legal School  288

Hijra  299–300

India  350

saint  599

Salafism  601

Sufism  640

sunna  646

Tablighi Jamaat  651

Taliban  657–659

Tanzeem-e Islami  660–661

tariqa  663–664

tawhid  665

theology  667–670

umma  689

Westernization  710–711

Yemen  715

revelation  589–591

Reza Khan. See Reza Shah 

Pahlavi

Reza Puhlavi, Muhammad. See 

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Reza Shah Pahlavi  xlv, xlvic, 

363, 435, 478, 567, 591–592

Rifai Sufi Order  193, 592–593

Rumi, Jalal al-Din  xlic, 593, 

593–594

dog  201

Haqqani, Muhammad 

Nazim al-  289

Joseph  408

Mevlevi Sufi Order  

471–472

Moses  483

mullah  501

Persian language and 

literature  551

Satan  604

Seljuk dynasty  611

soul and spirit  633

Sufism  641

Rushdie, Salman  xlviiic, 48, 

109, 495, 537, 594–596, 

605–606

S

Sacred Mosque. See Grand 

Mosque (Mecca)

Sadat, Muhammad Anwar al-  

xxii, xlviic, 597–598

Abd al-Rahman, Umar  4

Camp David accords  

128–129

Egypt  212

Ghazali, Zaynab al-  263

Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi al-Din 

Ahmad  340

Jahiliyya  388

jihad movements  399

kafir  422

Khawarij  432

Moses  484

Muslim Brotherhood  507, 

508

Nasir, Jamal Abd al-  519

al-Qaida  564

Qutb, Sayyid  576

renewal and reform 

movements  598

Shaarawi, Muhammad 

al-  615

Safavid dynasty  xliic, xliiic, 

598

Baghdad  84

Central Asia and the 

Caucasus  134

Gulf Wars  277

Husayniyya  320

Iran  362

mullah  501

Mullah Sadra  501

Shiism  626

Usuli School  699

saint  xxvi, 598–600, 599

Saladin  xlic, 600–601

Aqsa Mosque  49

Cairo  123

comic strips and comic 

books  159

Crusades  175

Damascus  181

Dome of the Rock  202

Egypt  211

Fatimid dynasty  233

Israel  381

Jerusalem  395

Salafism  601–603

Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi  3

democracy  191

dreams  203

miracle  476, 477

saint  600

soul and spirit  633

Wahhabism  706

Sassanian dynasty  53, 291, 550

Satan  603–605

Adam and Eve  12

angel  43

animals  44

fitna  242

Hagar  281

horse  310

jinni  402

kafir  421

paradise  546

Satanic Verses  605–606

shaykh  622

Satanic Verses  343, 605–606

Saudi Arabia  xlvc, 606–608

Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud  2–3

Abou El Fadl, Khaled  8

Afghan mujahidin  16

Arab League  57

Bedouin  98, 99

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Index

  

747  J

birth control and family 

planning  104

democracy  190

Faysal ibn Abd al-Aziz Al 

Saud  233–234

flag  244

hajj  283

Hanbali Legal School  288

Hashimite dynasty  295

hisba  303

holidays  306

horse  310

Husayn ibn Ali  318

Husayniyya  321

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 

Muhammad  324–325

Mecca  468

Medina  469

Muslim Brotherhood  506, 

508

Muslim World League  511

oil  532

OPEC  534

politics and Islam  556

al-Qaida  564, 565

tawhid  665

Wahhabism  704–706

Zamzam  719

ziyara  724

sayyid  83, 92–93, 530, 609, 716

science  116, 208, 519, 609–610

Second Gulf War (2003– ). See 

Gulf War (Iraq War, 2003- )

secularism  610–611

Baath Party  81

Ghannoushi, Rashid al-  259

human rights  315

Islam  374

kafir  422

People of the Book  549

renewal and reform 

movements  585

Salafism  601

Turkey  675

Seljuk dynasty  611, 717

Sephardic Jews  42, 381, 540, 

611–612

September 11, 2001, terrorist 

attacks

Abou El Fadl, Khaled  8

Afghanistan  16

almsgiving  39

Arafat, Yasir  58

CAIR  169

dialogue  197

Europe  220

Gülen, Fethullah  269

Gulf Wars  276

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 

Muhammad  325

Islam  375

jihad movements  399

Karimov, Islam 

Abdughanievich  425

MSA  510

mujahid  499

Orientalism  537

al-Qaida  564, 565

Ramadan  581

refugees  584

Saudi Arabia  608

suicide  641, 642

United States  691, 695

Usama bin Ladin  698

sermon  347, 528, 612–613, 614

Seven-Imam Shiism. see Ismaili 

Shiism

Shaarawi, Huda  613–614

Shaarawi, Muhammad al-  

614–615

Shadhili Sufi Order  615–616

Shafii, Muhammad ibn Idris 

al-  xxxvix, 101, 123, 239, 

616–617, 617, 645

Shafii Legal School  xxv, xxxvix, 

617–618

Cairo  120

fiqh  239

Ibn Kathir, Imad al-Din  333

India  350, 359

Israel  381

Malaysia  451

Maliki Legal School  455

Philippines  553

Shiism  626

sunna  645

theology  669

Shah, Idries  618

shahada  xxiii, 618–619

shame. See honor and shame

Shamil  135, 588, 619–620

sharia  xxiii, xxv, xxvi, 620–

621. See also dar al-Islam and 

dar al-harb

abortion  7

adultery  13

Akhbari School  27

almsgiving  38

apostasy  48

Aurangzeb  70

Bangladesh  87–88

Barelwi, Sayyid Ahmad  93

basmala  94

blood  109

caliphate  126

children  136

Chiragh Ali  139

circumcision  149

colonialism  157

constitutionalism  163

dar al-Islam and dar al-harb  

182

dog  201

Druze  203

education  208

Egypt  211

ethics and morality  216

fatwa  233

Fyzee, Asaf Ali Asghar  

252–253

government, Islamic  266

Hamas  286

Hanbali Legal School  288

haqiqa  289

hisba  303

Hizb al-Tahrir al-Islami  304

holy books  307

human rights  314

Ibn Taymiyya, Taqi al-Din 

Ahmad  340

ijmaa  345

ijtihad  347

Indonesia  358

Iran  364

Islam  373

Islamism  376

Jamaat-i Islami  388

Jamiyyat Ulama-i Islam  390

kafir  422

mufti  487, 488

Mughal dynasty  489

mujahid  500

Muslim World League  511

Naqshbandi Sufi Order  517

People of the Book  548

al-Qaida  565

Quran  572

renewal and reform 

movements  586

Rushdie, Salman  595

Salafism  601

Saudi Arabia  607, 608

shahada  619

Shiism  624

Sirhindi, Ahmad  629

Sokoto Caliphate  630

Sudan  636

sultan  643

Tanzeem-e Islami  661

taqwa  662

tariqa  663

Twelve-Imam Shiism  681

ulama  683

Wahhabism  705, 706

Yemen  716

Shariati, Ali  xlviic, 103, 231, 

321, 621–622, 666, 680

shaykh  xxvi, 622–623

Shiism  xxv–xxvi, xxxi, xlviiic, 

623–627, 625m

Afghanistan  15

Aga Khan  20

ahl al-bayt  23

Aisha bint Abi Bakr ibn Abi 

Quhafa  26

Akbar  27

Alawi  28

Ali ibn Abi Talib  33–34

alphabet  40

angel  43

Antichrist  46

Ashura  67

Assassins  68

authority  73

ayatollah  78

Babism  82–83

Baghdad  84

Bahai Faith  85

basmala  94

batin  94–95

covenant  170

daawa  178

Daawa Party of Iraq  

179–180

democracy  190

Fadlallah, Muhammad 

Husayn  222–223

faith  224

fate  229

Fatima  230–231

Fatimid dynasty  231

feasting  235

fitna  242

hadith  279

Hanbali Legal School  288

heresy  297

Hizbullah  305

holidays  306

houses  313

hujja  313–314

Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi 

Talib  319

Husayniyya  320, 321

Ibadiyya  323

Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, 

Muhammad  324, 325

Ibn Hazm, Ali ibn Ahmad 

ibn Said  332

ijmaa  346

imam  348

India  350

Iran  363

Iranian Revolution (1978–

1979)  365

Iraq  369–371

Ismaili Shiism  377

Jaafar al-Sadiq  387

Karbala  422–424

Khomeini, Ruhollah  433, 

435

Lebanon  442

Mahdi  447–448

Malaysia  451

martyrdom  458, 459

Mary  460

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi  

478

Moses  483

mosque  486

MSA  510

mufti  487

Muhammad  494

Muhammad al-Mahdi  497

Muharram  498

mujahid  500

Mujahidin-i Khalq  499, 500

Mullah Sadra  501

pan-Islamism  545

prophets and prophethood  

560

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