Encyclopedia of Islam

Encyclopedia of  Islam

1338

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  Death of Hajji Bektash, Sufi saint.

1369

¶

  Death of Ibn Battuta, famed traveler and Maliki 

jurist.

1370–1405

¶

  Timur (Tamerlane) establishes Timurid Empire 

in Central Asia, the Middle East, and South 

Asia.

1380–1918

¶

  Ottoman Empire rules much of the Middle East 

and eastern Europe.

1406

¶

  Death of the historian Ibn Khaldun.

1453

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  Constantinople (Istanbul) falls to Ottomans and 

becomes the new Ottoman capital; Byzantine 

Empire ends.

1492

¶

  Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabelle of Castile con-

quer Granada, ending Muslim rule in Andalusia.

1501

¶

  Ismail I establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia.

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  Twelve-Imam Shiism becomes the state religion 

of Iran.

1511

¶

  The Saadi Sharifs establish Alid power in 

Morocco.

1517

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  Ottomans conquer Egypt.

1520–66

¶

  Reign of the Ottoman sultan Sulayman the 

Magnificent.

1526–1858

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  Mughal dynasty rules India.

1529

¶

  Ottomans lift first siege of Vienna and retreat.

1550

¶

  Islam spreads to Sumatra, Java, the Moluccas, 

and Borneo.

1556–1605

¶

  Reign of Akbar, Mughal emperor.

1571

¶

  Christian fleet defeats Ottoman navy at Lep-

anto, marking the end of Ottoman dominance 

in the Mediterranean region.

1596

¶

  Shah Abbas makes Isfahan the capital of the 

Safavid Empire.

1603

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  Mughal emperor Jahangir begins rule in India.